童明《美国文学史》(增订版)笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解 【完整内容点击文中链接获取】
第1部分 早期美国文学:殖民时期至1815年
第1章 “新世界”的文学
Ⅰ. Discoveries of America(发现美洲大陆)
Who discovered America?
谁发现了美洲?
1 The credit is often attributed to Christopher Columbus. Yet this argument is controversial.
一种说法是哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。但是,这种说法颇具争议。
2 Another notable claim is that Amerigo Vespucci, the Florentine navigator, discovered the new land which was named after him.
另一种值得注意的说法是佛罗伦萨航海家阿美利哥·韦斯普奇发现了这片新土地,而“美洲”也正是由他的名字而命名的。
Ⅱ. Native American Oral Literature(美国土著口头文学)
There were mainly three major types of the native American oral literature:
美国土著口头文学主要有三种不同的形式:
1 Origin stories are dramatic explanations of how the world began, how the Earth came into being and how humans built connections with plants, animals and the universe.
起源故事是一些对世界起源的戏剧性的解释,解释地球如何产生,人类如何与植物、动物和宇宙产生联系。
2 Trickster tales are humorous tales featuring trickster characters, people in the form of animals such as Coyote, Raven, Blue Jay, Mink, or Rabbit. They are half animal, half human.
魔法故事是一些关于魔法人物的幽默故事。魔法人物是以动物形象呈现的人,如狼、乌鸦、兔子等。也可以说他们是半人半兽。
3 Historical narratives vary from tribal records of historical events to narratives about legendary figures from real historical backgrounds.
历史叙事种类多样。有些是部落对历史事件的记录。许多其他叙事中的传奇人物来源于真实的历史背景。
Ⅲ. European Exploration Writings(欧洲探索写作)
1 Christopher Columbus (1451—1506)(克里斯托弗·哥伦布)
Christopher Columbus made four voyages to America between 1492 and 1502. The first voyage was recorded in a journal, now lost, but parts of it were written by Casas in an abstract.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布曾在1492至1502年间四度前往美洲。第一次航行被记录在日记里,现已遗失,但是它的部分内容被卡萨斯写在了一篇摘要中。
2 Captain John Smith (1580—1631)(约翰·史密斯上尉)
Because John Smith’s works were the first English-language works to appear in the New World, it is generally believed that American literature began with Captain Smith.
因为约翰·史密斯的作品是在新大陆出现最早的英语作品,所以一般认为美国文学开始于史密斯上尉。
(1) Life(生平)
Smith was born into a moderately prosperous family at Lincolnshire, England. He loved adventure, and after leaving the army, he joined the expedition that established the Jamestown colony.
史密斯出生于英格兰林肯郡的一个小康家庭。他喜欢冒险,离开部队后,加入了建立詹姆斯敦殖民地的探险。
(2) Major Works(主要作品)
A Description of New England (1614)
《新英格兰描述》(1614)
The True Travels, Adventure, and Observations of Captain John Smith (1630)
《约翰·史密斯上尉的真实游历、冒险和观察》(1630)
Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New England, or Anywhere (1631)
《为新英格兰或其他地方无经验的种植园主做广告》(1631)
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【完整版】 达聪网 童明《美国文学史》(增订版)笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解