郑树棠《新视野大学英语读写教程（1）》第3版学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

【内容节选】 Unit 1一、词汇短语SECTION Atriumph [5traiEmf] n. 胜利，胜利的喜悦v. 获胜，欢欣鼓舞【例句】①The machine is a triumph of advanced technology.这台机器是先进技术的成果。②She was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity.她相信自己最终能战胜逆境。【词组】triumph (over sb./sth.) 获得成功或胜利【派生】triumphant adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的pledge [pledV] n. 保证，誓约；抵押v. 保证，发誓；抵押【例句】They pledged themselvesto the cause. 他们宣誓要献身于这一事业。【词组】pledge to do/that ...保证（做）hold sth. in pledge以某物作抵押（担保）pledge oneself保证，宣誓pledge sth. (to sb./sth.)保证给予（支持等）；以（誓言、名誉等）作担保pose [pEuz] v. 提出（问题等）；摆姿势；假装，冒充；形成，引起，造成【例句】Stop posing and tellus what you really think. 别装蒜啦，告诉我们你的真实想法吧。【词组】pose for ...为……摆好姿势pose as sb./sth.自称或装成某人[某事物]【派生】 n. position位置，方位；职位，工作；姿态routine [ru:5ti:n] n. 例行公事，常规adj. 常规的，例行的【例句】That is my morningroutine. 那是我上午一贯的例行做法。attain [E5tein] vt. 获得；达到，完成vi. 达到n. 成就【例句】Leo Ioacoco attainedthe position of President of the Ford Motors.李·雅科卡终于当上了福特汽车公司的总裁。【派生】attainable adj. 可得到的；可达到的；可到达的attainment n. 达到；成就；学识attainability n. 可达到；可获得foundation [faun5deiFEn] n. 基础；建立，创立；地基；基金，基金会【例句】The Gulbenkian Foundationgives money to help artists. 古尔班基基金会给艺术家以资助。【词组】lay a foundation 奠定基础；奠基；打下基础resource [ri5sC:s] n. （ pl. ）资源，财力；办法，智谋；应变之才【例句】Resources managementis an important business skill. 资源管理是一项重要的经营技能。【词组】at the end of one’s resources智穷才尽【派生】resourceful adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的faculty [5fAkElti] n. 才能，本领，能力；（大学的）系，科；全体教员【例句】She has the faculty to learn languages easily. 她有轻而易举学会语言的才能。【词组】faculty of/for doing sth. 做某事物的特殊才能comprehensive [7kCmpri5hensiv] adj. 综合的；全面的，广泛的；能充分理解的n. 综合学校【例句】The government gavea very comprehensive explanation of its plans. 政府对计划作了详尽的解释。facility [fE5siliti] n. 容易，便利；灵巧，熟练，敏捷 ( pl. ) 设备，设施，工具；便利条件【例句】Her facility with/inlanguages is surprising. 她在语言方面的才能令人吃惊。【词组】with facility容易；流利give facilities for给予……方便community [kE5mju:niti] n. 社区，团体；共同体，（动植物）群落【例句】The community is densely populated. 这个社区人口稠密。explore [iks5plC:] v. 探究，探索；勘探，探险，探测【例句】Can you explore themarket possibility for us? 您能为我们考察一下市场前景吗？【派生】exploration n. 探测；探究；踏勘fascinating [5fAsineitiN] adj. 迷人的，醉人的，着魔的【例句】The museum has a fascinating collection of Celticartifacts. 该博物馆收藏了极吸引人的塞尔特文化遗物。pursue [pE5sju:] v. 追捕；追求，实行【例句】She is pursuing her studies at the university.她在大学继续深造。【词组】pursue after 追赶【派生】pursuit n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作passion [5pAFEn] n. 激情，热情；强烈爱好【例句】He’s been known tofly into a passion without warning.他以动不动就发火而有名。【词组】have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好【派生】passionate adj. 热情的；热烈的，激昂的；易怒的unique [ju:5ni:k] adj. 唯一的，独一无二的n. 独一无二的人或物【例句】I am in a ratherunique position, as my job is different from anyone else’s.我的情况很特殊，因为我的工作与众不同。【词组】unique to sb./sth. 仅与一个人或一个群体或一件事物有关【派生】uniquely adv. 独特地；珍奇地uniqueness n. 独特性；独一无二enthusiasm [in5Wju:ziAzEm] n. 热情，热心，热诚【例句】She shows boundlessenthusiasm for the work. 她对工作表现出无限的热情。【词组】enthusiasm for 热爱……【派生】enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的；狂热的reap [ri:p] v. 收割（谷物），收获；得到，获得【例句】She reaped largeprofits from her unique invention.她从她那奇特的发明中获得了大量的利益。benefit [5benifit] n. 利益，好处；救济金，保险金vt. 有益于，有助于vi. (from, by) 受益【例句】You will benefitfrom her good example. 你将从她的好榜样中得益。【词组】benefit from得益于；得利于；因……而得到好处opportunity [7CpE5tju:niti] n. 机会，时机【例句】We have few opportunitiesof speaking English.我们很少有机会说英语。overwhelm [5EuvE5welm] v. 淹没，覆没；制服，压倒；（使）不知所措【例句】He met with an accidentthat overwhelmed his career. 他遭到一次意外事故，那竟毁了他一生的事业。【派生】overwhelming adj. 压倒性的；势不可挡的available [E5veilEbl] adj. 自由的，有空的；（用于物）可利用的；可见到的，接受采访的【例句】Chinese commoditiesavailable for export are varied. 中国可供出口的商品种类繁多。【词组】available for 可用于……的；对……有效的；能参加……的available on 仅在……有效（付款）available from 可向……购买sample [5sB:mp(E)l] n. 样品，标本，货样v. 品尝，体验；抽样检查【例句】We sampled opinionamong the workers about changes in working methods.我们抽样调查了工人对改变工作方法的看法。assume [E5sju:m] v. 假定，设想；承担，接受；装出，佯作【例句】She was in arroganceto assume she would win every time. 她认为每次都能赢，未免太自大了。【词组】assuming that ... 假定……【派生】assumed adj. 假定的；假装的assumption n. 假定；设想；担任；采取emerge [i5mE:dVi] v. 出现，露出，暴露【例句】The sun emerged frombehind the clouds. 太阳从云层后面露出来。【词组】emerge from 自……出现；从……显露出来【派生】emerging adj. 新兴的；出现的；形成的giant [5dVaiEnt] n. 巨人，庞然大物；伟人，天才adj. 庞大的，巨大的【例句】Shakespeare is a giant among writers. 莎士比亚是一位文坛巨匠。mate [meit] n. 助手，大副；配偶；同事；配对物vt. 使配对；使一致；结伴vi. 交配；成配偶；紧密配合【例句】The mate has tallied the cargo. 大副已经核点了货物。【词组】mate with使紧密配合owl [Eul] n. 猫头鹰【例句】Any of a breed ofdomestic pigeons resembling owls. 任一种像猫头鹰一样的家鸽。virtual [5vE:tjuEl] adj. 虚拟的；实际上的，实质的【例句】She is the virtualpresident, though her title is secretary. 虽然她的头衔是秘书，她是实际上的董事长。virtually [5vE:tjuEli] adv. 实际上；事实上；几乎【例句】The strike virtuallyparalyzed the city. 罢工实质上令这座城市陷入了瘫痪状态。enrich [in5ritF] v. 使富足，使丰富，充实【例句】Music can certainlyenrich your whole life. 音乐肯定会使你的整个生活丰富多彩。【词组】enrich with 使……丰富【派生】enrichment n. 丰富；改进；肥沃；发财致富glow [^lEu] v. 发光，发热，发红n. 白热，红光；激情【例句】Maple leaves glowedred in the sunlight. 枫叶在阳光里闪耀着红光。【派生】glowing adj. 灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的confidence [5kRnfidEns] n. 信任；信心，自信，把握；（向知心人）吐露的秘密，说私房话【例句】The servant enjoyedhis master’s confidence. 这仆人深得主人的信赖。【词组】have confidence in 对……有信心take into one’s confidence 把……作为知己yield [ji:ld] vt. 出产，生产；让出，放弃vi. （～to）屈服，服从；倒塌，垮掉n. 产量，收成【例句】She yielded to thetemptation and had another chocolate.她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。【词组】yield oneself to 使顺从，使屈服=give in, succumb toyield up 被迫放弃；交出；展现；放纵【派生】yielding n. 屈服；让步；可缩性abundant [E5bQndEnt] adj. 大量的，充裕的，丰富的【例句】The country is abundantin natural resources. 那个国家自然资源丰富。【词组】abundant in 富于；富有an abundant harvest丰收responsibility [ris7pCnsE5biliti] n. 责任，负责；职责，任务【例句】A father has manyresponsibilities.父亲要尽许多责任。【词组】responsibility for 责任；负责bear responsibilityfor 对……负有责任inherit [in5herit] vt. 继承；遗传而得【例句】She inherited a house from her father.她从父亲那儿继承了一所房子。【词组】inherit sth（from sb) 继承（财产﹑头衔等）【派生】inherent adj. 固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的transmit [trAnz5mit] vt. 传输，传导；转送；发射vi. 发射信号；发报【例句】The infection istransmitted by mosquitoes.这种传染病是通过蚊子传播的。【词组】transmit sth./itself (from ... to ...) 将某事物传送、传递、传达或传染给对方【派生】transmission n. 传动装置；传递；传送acquire [E5kwaiE] v. 取得，获得，习得；学到（知识等）【例句】Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste andare not in born.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后天的嗜好，并不是先天的。【词组】acquire knowledge of 求得……的知识prosperous [5prCspErEs] adj. 繁荣的，昌盛的【例句】After the war, Germanybecame one of Europe’s most prosperous countries.战后德国发展成为欧洲最繁荣的国家之一。remind [ri5maind] v. （of）提醒；（使）想起【例句】Remind me to write to mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。【词组】remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind of 提醒；使记起；使回想起【派生】reminder n. 暗示；提醒的人/物SECTION Bparticipate [pB:5tisipeit] v. (in) 参与，参加；分享，分担；含有，带有【例句】In a modern democracypeople want to participate more fully. 在现代民主政体中，人们要求更多的参与。【派生】participant adj. 参与的；有关系的incredible [in5kredEbl] adj. 难以置信的，不可思议的；惊人的【例句】It is incrediblethat he did not win the speech contest. 他没有赢得演讲比赛的冠军真是让人难以置信。【派生】incredibly adv. 难以置信地；非常地incredibility n. 不能相信；不可信的事物deny [di5nai] vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝……的要求vi. 否认；拒绝【例句】He said that I hadstolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。【词组】deny oneself节制；戒除deny something tosomeone deny someone something拒绝给予it can’t be deniedthat无可否认depart [di5pB:t] v. 启程，离开，辞世【例句】When does the nexttrain depart? 下一次列车什么时候开？【词组】depart from 离开；从……出发；背离，违反，离开depart for 开往…；去往…；动身去…【派生】departure n. 离开；出发；违背engage [in5^eidV] v. （使）从事，（使）参加，使卷入；约束，保证，使订婚；雇佣，聘，预订；吸引，占用；与……交战，啮合【例句】①Tom is engaged to Anne, and the wedding will be in October. 汤姆已与安订婚了，婚礼将在10月份举行。②I have no time to engage in gossip. 我无暇闲聊。【词组】be engaged to 已订婚的engage with 交战；与……接洽【派生】engagement n. 婚约；约会；交战；诺言despair [dis5peE] n. & v. 绝望，失望【例句】He is the despairof all other pianists. 他使其他所有的钢琴家都感到失望。【词组】fall into despair 陷入绝望in despair 绝望地despair of 失望，丧失信心；对……绝望【派生】despairing adj. 感到绝望的；表现绝望的；无望的embrace [im5breis] v. 拥抱，抱，环绕；包含，包括；接受，利用；信奉n. 拥抱，怀抱，包围；接受，信奉【例句】①He held her in a warm embrace. 他热情地拥抱她。②The hills embrace the village. 山丘环绕着村庄。 stimulate [5stimjuleit] v. 刺激，（使）兴奋；鼓励，鼓舞【例句】The intention oflowering interest rates is to stimulate the economy and develop industries.降低利率的目的是为了刺激经济、发展工业。【词组】stimulate sb./sth (to sth.) 使某人[某事物] 奋发起来；刺激、激励某人[某事物]【派生】stimulative adj. 促进的；刺激的；激励的intellectual [7inti5lektjuEl] adj. 智力的；理智的；聪明的n. 知识分子【例句】He’s a kind of intellectual superman. 他是智力超常的人。【派生】intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的；理解力强的intelligence n. 智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力capacity [kE5pAsiti] n. 容量，容积；才能，能力；身份，职位【例句】The drama drew acapacity audience; you should have gone to see it.这出戏吸引了满场观众；你真该去看的。【词组】to capacity达最大限度、满负载capacity for ...…的能力bind [baind] v. 绑，捆；使结合；约束；装订【例句】①Bind the gangster to the seat with rope lest he should escape. 把匪徒用绳子绑在座位上以免他逃跑。②Clay binds when it is heated. 粘土烧后凝结。【词组】bind up 包扎；装订bind a bargain定买卖契约【派生】binding adj. 有约束力的；捆绑的binding n. 装订；捆绑；粘合物assure [E5FuE] vt. 使确信，使放心(of) ；向……保证【例句】Nothing can assure permanenthappiness. 没有什么东西能确保永久的幸福。【词组】assure sb. of/that担保，使确定career [kE5riE] n. 经历；生涯；专业，职业v. 猛冲，飞跑【例句】He has serious aspirationsto a career in politics. 他有从政的雄心壮志。curve [kE:v] n. 曲线，弯曲v. 弯，使弯曲【例句】The river curvesround the town. 河绕城镇蜿蜒流去。decent [5di:snt] adj. 体面的，得体的，正当的；严肃的，高雅的，正派的；和气的，过得去的，宽容的【例句】He made a decentrecord. 他成绩尚佳。【派生】decently adv. 合适地；高雅地；正派地；亲切地boast [bEust] v. 夸，自夸，夸口n. 大话，自夸的话【例句】He boasted that hecould run very fast. 他吹牛说他可以跑得很快。【词组】boast about 夸口boast of 吹嘘【派生】boastful adj. 自夸的；自负的；喜夸耀的boasting n. 吹嘘bond [bCnd] n. 结合（物），粘结（剂）；联系，连接；公债，债券，合同vi. 结合，团结在一起vt. 使结合；以……作保【例句】This new glue makesa firmer bond. 新胶水粘得牢。【派生】bonding adj. 结合的；黏结的blossom [5blCsEm] n. 花（簇）；花期；青春vi. 开花；展开；繁荣【例句】The child blossomedinto a beauty. 女孩出落为一个美人。【词组】come into blossom开始开花in blossom开花（常指树木，特指果树）【派生】blossoming n. 开花；绽放decade [5dekeid] n. 十；十年【例句】The last decade sawthe emergence of a dynamic economy. 最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。genuine [5dVenjuin] adj. 真实的，真正的；诚恳的【例句】All genuine knowledgeoriginates in direct experience. 一切真知都来源于直接经验。【派生】genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地genuineness n. 真实，真正；真诚，真挚instinct [5instiNkt] n. 本能，直觉，天性adj. 充满的【例句】Instinct is not always a good guide. 凭本能行事不一定都对。【词组】by instinct 出于本能instinct for 有……的天分；生来就【派生】instinctive adj. 本能的；直觉的；天生的confident [5kCnfidEnt] adj. (of, in) 自信的；确信的，肯定的secure [si5kjuE] adj. 安全的，可靠的；放心的，无虑的v. 保护；得到，获得；招致【例句】More people are neededto secure the camp against attack. 需要更多的人手来保护营地免受攻击。【派生】security n. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品stereotype [5stiEriEutaip] n. 铅版；陈词滥调，老套v. 对……产生成见；使定型，使模式化【例句】①Regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding.地区性成见自从美国成立就是它的一部分。②It’s wrong to stereotype people, as if they wereall alike. 把人们看作都是一样的，这是错误的。【词组】break through the stereotypes破除陈规，打破旧框框comprehend [7kCmpri5hend] v. 了解，领会【例句】I cannot comprehend this phrase. 我无法理解这个片语。【派生】comprehensive adj. 综合的；广泛的；有理解力的comprehension n. 理解；包含cultivate [5kQltiveit] v. 耕，耕作；栽培（植物），养殖（鱼类等）；培养，修习，陶冶（思想、感情等）【例句】She always triesto cultivate rich people. 她总是试图结交有钱人。【派生】cultivation n. 培养；耕作；耕种；教化；文雅range [reindV] n. 排，行，系列；射程，距离；山脉；范围，幅度v. 排列，安置；（在一定范围内）变化；漫游，徘徊；延伸，绵延【例句】What is the rangeof your gun?你的枪的射程有多远？【词组】range from ... to （或between）从……到……不等range over 范围包括；扫视；移动out of range 在……范围（射程）外a range of 一系列；一些；一套at close range 在近距离in (within) range在射程内innocence [5inEsns] n. 无罪，清白；天真，单纯，简单【例句】Her innocence hasbeen proved.她已被证明无罪。curiosity [kjuEri5Rsiti] n. 好奇（心）；奇品，珍品，古玩【例句】He is full of curiosity.他充满了好奇心。amount [E5maunt] vi. 总计，合计；相当于；共计；产生……结果n. 数量；总额，总数【例句】In fact, your ambiguouswords amount to a refusal. 实际上，你说的那些模棱两可的话等于是拒绝。flexibility [7fleksE5biliti] n. 弹性，适应性；机动性，挠性【例句】The flexibility of a man’s muscles will lessen as he becomes old. 人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。approach [E5prEutF] n. 方法，步骤，途径；探讨vt. 接近，靠近；动手处理；找……商量vi. 靠近【例句】This approach hasmany problems. 这条思路有许多问题。【词组】make an approach to 对……进行探讨approach with 以……方式处理；向……提出建议【派生】approachable adj. 亲切的；可接近的enthusiastic [in7Wju:zi5Astik] adj. 热心的，热情的【例句】That little boy isvery enthusiastic about chess. 那个小男孩对国际象棋着了迷。【词组】enthusiastic about 热情；对……热心talent [5tAlEnt] n. 天资，才干，才能；人才【例句】This little boy is a rare talent as a pianist. 这个男孩是个罕见的钢琴弹奏天才。【词组】talent for 天才；有……的天赋【派生】talented adj. 有才能的；多才的evolve [i5vClv] v. （使）发展，进化，演化；设计，使逐步形成；引申出，推论【例句】We did not evolve, becausemachines and society did it for us.我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们实现了。【词组】evolve from 从……发展而来【派生】evolutionary adj. 进化的；发展的；渐进的evolution n. 演变；进化论；进展potential [pE5tenFEl] adj. 潜在的，可能的n. 潜在的可能，潜力【例句】Every seed is a potentialplant.每粒种子都可能成长为植物。【词组】potential(for sth) 潜在性；可能性【派生】potentially adv. 可能地，潜在地potentiality n. 潜力；可能性bold [bEuld] adj. 大胆的，勇敢的；鲁莽的；黑体的，粗体的n. 粗体【例句】①A drawing done in a few bold lines用几笔粗线条构成的画。②You are so bold that you never do something on second thought. 你太鲁莽，从来不知道深思熟虑后做事。【词组】in bold 粗体地；黑体的；加粗地【派生】boldness n. 大胆；冒失；显著enormous [i5nC:mEs] adj. 巨大的，庞大的【例句】They had an enormousplate of food. 他们吃了很大一盘食物。【词组】an enormous amount of money 巨款enormous profits巨大的利益【派生】enormously adv. 巨大地，庞大地；非常地，在极大程度上go off离开；进行；变质；睡去