四川外国语大学241英语历年考研真题答案解析

【内容节选】 2003年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题及详解I. Tick off the correctchoice. (20%)1 A little girl presented thedistinguished visitor with a_____ of flowers.A. bunchB. packC. bundleD. bulk【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：一个小女孩给一位尊贵的来访者送了一束花。这里考查短语的固定搭配，a bunch of flowers一束花。因此本题选A。a packof 一包；一盒。a bundleof一捆；一大堆。a bulk of大量。2 Miss Smith always prefers to start earlyrather than _____ everything to the last minute.A. to leaveB. leavingC. leaveD. to have left【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：史密斯小姐宁愿早早开始工作也不愿意把一切事情留到最后一刻。这里考查prefer的用法，即prefer to do rather than do宁可做……而不愿做。语法结构上来看，than两边的结构是一致的，都是不定式，但是习惯上把后面的to省略，所以要选择C项。3 That’s a beautiful leather wallet, but Ican’t afford to pay _____ much.A. enoughB. moreC. suchD. that【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：这是一个漂亮的皮革钱包，但我付不起那么多钱。这里其实就是一个固定说法，付不起钱就是I can’t afford to pay that much。可以直接背下来。4 Would you mind _____ the window? It ishot in here.A. to openB. me openingC. openD. of opening【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：你是否介意我开一下窗？太热了。此处考查mind的用法，Would/Doyou mind+(sb’s) doing…？你是否介意（某人）做某事？所以选择B项。5 Make sure _____ you don’t forget to packeverything needed.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. when【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：确保你没有忘记把所有的需要的东西都装起来。这里是一个祈使句，用从属连词that引导后面的宾语从句，并且that可省略，其他三个选项意思不符。6 I will give this dictionary to _____ wantsto have it.A. anyoneB. someoneC. whoeverD. whose【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我将把这本字典给任何想要它的人。whoever引导让步状语从句，相当于anyone who意思是“无论谁；不管谁”。这里要选的词既要充当主句中介词to的宾语，又要充当从句中wants的主语，所以只能选C项。7 I don’t know when Mary had her hair_____ so short.A. cutB. cuttingC. to cutD. cutted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我不知道什么时候玛丽把她的头发剪的如此短。在这里“have+sth（宾语）+过去分词（宾语补足语）”意为“让/叫/使某事被做”。宾语sth后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。在这里她的头发（herhair）与剪（cut）之间是被动的关系，所以选择cut的过去分词形式，即还是cut。8 He knows little of physics, and _____ ofchemistry.A. even moreB. still lessC. no lessD. still more【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他不了解物理，更不了解化学。在这里用and连接了两个句子，表明两者是并列的，前一句说他不了解物理，那么后一句就不可能是了解化学了，不然两者就要成为转折关系了，而其他三个选项都是说他对化学非常了解，是错误的，所以应该选择B。9 Only by training very hard every day, _____become a good athlete.A. you mightB. you canC. can youD. should you【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：只有通过每天努力训练，你才能够成为一名优秀的运动员。这里考查only的倒装句，only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则后面的主句用倒装结构，即主谓要颠倒。这一句里by training very hard every day是个介词短语，需要主句倒装，所以you can become a good athlete要变成can you become a good athlete。故而要选C。10 The speaker, _____ for her splendidspeeches, was warmly received by the audience.A. having knownB. being knownC. knownD. knowing【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：因她精彩的演讲而知名，那个演讲家被观众热情地接待。“因……而出名”的短语是be known for，所以A、D错误，而B项的being强调了时间上的进行状态，但实际上句子里却没这个意思，就指一般状态，“因她优秀的演讲而知名”，而不是“她那时候正在因优秀的演讲而知名”。11 “Shall I tell Ann how to improve herpainting?”“Yes, but _____of suggestion may discourage her.”A. a list toolongB. too long alistC. a too longlistD. a list oftoo long【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我应该告诉安怎么样去提高她的油画水平吗？恩，但是太长的建议可能会使她失去信心。在这里a list of是“一列”的意思，如果加上long就变为along list of，但是再加上too来强调一下的话就只能把long提前了，变为too long a list，在英语里没有a too long list这样的表达。12 French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequateto meet the immediate needs of the people, _____ long range developments.A. rather thanB. let aloneC. according toD. regardlessof【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：法国的工业和农业产量仍然不能满足人们紧急的需求，更不要提满足长期的发展了在这里前后有明显的递进之意，所以选择let alone更不必说。rather than而不是。according to根据。regardless of不管；不顾。13 It is a pity that we should stay athome when we have _____ weather.A. so fineB. such fineC. such a fineD. so fine a【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：有这么好的天气，我们要待在家里真遗憾。这一句考查so和such的感叹句用法，so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。so的词序为：so+ adj + a（an）+ n。such的词序为：such + a（an）+adj + n。在这个句子里是对名词天气进行感叹，所以选择such，而且weather是不可数名词，所以不需要加a。因此正确选项为B。14 By the end of this term I _____myMaster’s degree.A. shall haveobtainedB. shall obtainC. may obtainD. obtain【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：到这学期期末时我将会已经获得硕士文凭。从by“截止到……”一词看出本题考查将来完成时，将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，时态构成为shall + have+过去分词用于第一人称，will + have+过去分词可用于所有人称。此题是第一人称，所以选择shall have obtained，另外will have obtained也是可以的。15 The man was sent to prison for sixmonths, _____ guilty of theft.A. having foundB. being foundC. having beenfoundD. to have beenfound【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：被发现犯有盗窃罪，这个人已经被送往监狱六个月了。后一分句采用现在分词做目的状语，用完成时来表示分词动作在谓语动作之前，解释他被送去监狱的原因。16 Mother says the flowers need _____.A. to bewateredB. wateredC. to waterD. to be watering【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：妈妈说花朵需要被浇水。当某物作主语，谓语动词是need，want，require等时，它的宾语可以用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。所以本题要么选用主动形式need watering，要么选用不定式的被动形式need to be watered。17 The two boys still denies_____ thewindow.A. to breakB. brokenC. havingbrokenD. to havebroken【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这两个男孩仍然否认已经打破了窗户。deny否定；否认。其用法为deny doing sth。根据句意知道窗户是已经被打破的，所以要用完成时。18 I didn’t _____ to take a taxi but I hadto as I was late.A. assumeB. meanC. hopeD. suppose【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我本来没打算打的，但是我必须打的，要不我就得迟到了。mean to do sth打算做某事。 assume假定；设想。hope希望。suppose假设；认为。19 They did not find _____ to prepare forthe worst conditions they might meet.A. worth theirwhileB. itworthwhileC. it worthD. it worthy【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：他们没有发现值得为他们遇到的最糟糕的状况做准备。这一题考查形容词的辨析，worth，worthy和worthwhile都有“值得”的含义，但具体用法不同。worth用于be worth (doing) sth；worthy用于be worthy of“值得的”；worthwhile用于it is worthwhile to do/doingsth。在这里是选用了worthwhile的用法变形，即find + it + adj + to dosth。20 Maria would rather I _____ down for ashort rest.A. would lieB. should lieC. layD. can lie【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：玛丽亚宁愿我躺下来短暂休息一下。would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，结构为should +动词原形，所以选择B。II. Readingcomprehension. (30%)Part 11 The case for college has been acceptedwithout question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought togo, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college willhelp them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be moreresponsible citizens than those who don’t go.2 But college has never been able to workits magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduatesare attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, andmore obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; collegestudents interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters ofrecommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged bycollege administrators.3 Some observers say the fault is with theyoung people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. Butthat’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain allcampus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partlyright. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because oureconomy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointedgraduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trainedtwenty-two-year olds, either.4 Some adventuresome educators and campuswatchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, theproper, the only place for every young person after the competition of highschool. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upsidedown, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered collegeexperiences.5 Perhaps college doesn’t make peopleintelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—maybe it’sjust the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal,quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college inthe first place.6 And perhaps all those successful collegegraduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not.This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if alittle schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence isbeginning to mount up.1 The main idea of paragraph 1 is that _____.A. People usedto question the value of college educationB. People usedto have full confidence in higher educationC. All highschool graduates went to college2 The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that_____.A. the authorgives examples to show that college fails to fulfill its goalB. more and morehigh school students are attending collegeC. more and morestudents are encouraged by their teachers drop out of college3 In the second paragraph, “those whodon’t fit in the pattern” refers to_____.A. high schoolgraduates who aren’t suitable for college educationB. collegegraduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC. collegestudents who aren’t any better for their higher education4 According to paragraph 3, the problemsof college education partly arise from the fact that _____.A. societycannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB. too manystudents have to earn their own livingsC. collegeadministrators encourage students to drop out5 In paragraph 3, “but that’s a condemnation of the students as awhole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness” means that _____.A. there are afew students who are not happyB. not allstudents should be blamed for the failure of college educationC. studentsshould be condemned as a whole6 In paragraph 4, the author argues that_____.A. collegeeducation is not enough if one wants to be successfulB. collegeeducation benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learningC. more and moreevidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high schoolgraduates7 Paragraph 5 means that _____.A. onlyintelligent, ambitious and quick-learning can go to collegeB. collegeeducation is the way to successC. college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious but attractsthose who are smart, happy, quick-learning8 Paragraph 6 further argues that _____.A. going tocollege doesn’t mean successB. going tocollege makes a person successfulC. all collegegraduates are successful9 In the last line of paragraph 6, “mountup” means _____.A. climbingB. increasing innumberC. come【答案与解析】1 B文章第一段指出：不止一代人把上大学视为毋庸置疑的事，传统的智慧和统计的证据指出所有的高中生都应该去上大学，因为上大学将帮助他们相比于那些不上大学的人赚更多的钱，成为更优秀的人，并学会成为更有责任心的市民。所以第一段的大意是人们过去对高等教育充满自信。选择B项。2 A文章第二段指出：但是大学从未能给每个人创造奇迹，现在近一半的高中生在上大学，不适应大学模式的人变得越来越多，这一问题也变得更加明显。大学毕业生在卖鞋或者开出租车，大学生们写假的推荐信为了在激烈竞争中得到研究生的学习机会。在这里作者的观点与第一段人们惯有的想法形成了鲜明的对比，并举了几个例子说明大学并没有达到它的目标，即没有让上了大学的那些人变得更成功。3 C文章第二段指出：不适应大学模式的人变得越来越多，接着作者就举了一些例子，这些大学毕业生做着普通的工作，并没有变得很成功，所以“those who don’t fit in the pattern”指的是没有变得更优秀的大学生。4 A文章第三段最后两句指出：我们被告知年轻人必须去上大学是因为经济无法容纳一群未经培训的十八岁的年轻人，但是很沮丧的一点是，经济也无法容纳一群经过培训的二十二岁的人。所以大学教育的问题部分源于社会无法为经过适当培训的年轻人提供工作。5 B文章第三段指出：对于大学没有将学生变得更优秀，有两方面的原因，第一方面是将原因归结到年轻人身上，即他们被惯坏了，期望也太高了，紧接着作者语意转折，说这一观点是对所有学生的谴责，并不是唯一的原因。所以“but that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’texplain all campus unhappiness”是指并非所有的学生都应该因大学教育的失败而受到谴责。6 C文章第四段第一句指出：一些有冒险精神的教育家和大学的观察者已经开始公开表明，大学可能不是对每个高中毕业生而言都是最好的、最合适的、唯一的归处。所以第四段中作者的观点是越来越多的证据表明大学并不是对每个高中毕业生而言都是最好的。7 C文章第五段指出：也许大学不能使得人们变得聪明、有抱负、开心、自由或者学得快，另一面才是事实，即聪明、有抱负、开心、自由和学得快的人在第一时间就被吸引进了大学。所以选择C。8 A文章第六段指出：也许即使那些优秀的大学毕业生不上大学也会很成功，这对于我们而言可能是异端邪说，因为我们从小就相信如果很少的教育有用的话，更多的教育只会更好，但是相反的证据却开始增加。所以第六段是在继续宣称上大学并不意味着成功。9 B根据最后一段话的大意，可以推测出mount up是“增加”的意思，因此选择B。Part 21 Do you find getting up in the morning sodifficult that it is painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitmanhas a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.2 During the hours when you labor throughyour work you may say that you are “hot”. That is true. The time of day whenyou feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in theafternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads tosuch familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’llbe late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that Johnis at his temperature and energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrellingends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and whichcycle each member of the family has.3 You can’t change your energy cycle, butyou can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitmanbelieves. Maybe you are sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up lateranyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up laterthan you want to. If your energy is low in the evening but you have importantjob to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change yourcycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.4 Get off to a slow start which saves yourenergy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed aminute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search forclean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, doroutine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy orconcentration for your sharper hours.10 What is the main idea of this article?A. everyone hasan energy cycle which cannot be changed but used to make one’s life fit itbetterB. energy cyclecauses family quarrelsC. peopleshould overcome laziness11 The second paragraph is mainly about_____.A. husbands andwives quarrel because they have different energy cyclesB. what energycycle means and how it is reflected in different peopleC. people feelhot when they work hard12 According to paragraph 2, which of thefollowing may lead to family quarrels?A. a change ina family member’s energy cycleB. familiarmonologues (滔滔不绝的话）C. unawarenessof energy cycles13 If one wants to work more efficientlyat his low point in the morning, he should _____.A. change hisenergy cycleB. overcome hislazinessC. get up earlierthan usual14 The main idea of paragraph 3 is _____.A. peopleshould get up early and sleep lateB. people learnto make life fit it better by knowing their own energy cycleC. if you getup earlier, you can work better15 You are advised to rise with a yawn andstretch because it will _____.A. help youkeep your energy for the day’s workB. help you tocontrol your temper early in the dayC. enable youto concentrate on your routine work16 Which of the following statement is NOTTRUE?A. getting offto work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energyB. Dr. Kleitmanexplains why people reach their peaks at different hours of dayC. habit helpsone adapt to his own energy cycle【答案与解析】10 A本文是一篇说明文，说明了每个人每天早起时很困难，是因为每个人都有自己的日常能量循环，因为每个人的日常能量循环不同，所以每个人的习惯不一样，第三段第一句还指出：日常能量循环是无法被改变的，但人们能学会去适应它，所以本题选A。11 B文章第二段一开始就提到：在你工作时你可能会说你很热，这是事实，一天中你感觉最有活力的时候就是当你身体的温度达到最高的时候，一些人的体温高峰期在午前，一些人在午后或者晚上，没有人知道为什么会是这样。然后作者举了John自言自语以及家庭争吵结束的例子。所以第二段主要是在讲什么是日常能量循环以及它是如何在不同人身上反映出来的。12 C文章第二段最后一句指出：当丈夫和妻子认识到什么是日常能量循环以及家庭成员每个人的循环情况时很多家庭争吵就会停止。那么反过来推，没有意识到日常能量循环就会导致家庭争吵了。13 C文章第三段倒数第二句指出：如果在夜间时你的能量很低，但是早上你有重要的工作要做时，可以起的比平时早一点。14 B文章第三段指出：日常能量循环是无法被改变的，但人们能学会去适应它，作者还告诉读者一些具体适应日常能量循环的做法，从而帮助人们在精神不佳时也能很好工作。所以第三段的大意是人们通过了解日常能量循环来使生活更加适应它。15 A文章最后一段第一句就指出：缓慢地起床能帮助保存能量，然后就举了一些例子，如打哈欠和伸懒腰。所以打哈欠和伸懒腰能为你白天的工作保存住体力。16 A选项A说以最小的努力去工作能保存能量，但文中并无此表述，只是在最后一段告诉了人们哪些做法可以保存能量，但保存能量是为了白天的工作，而不是说以最小的努力去工作，所以A项错误。Part 31 Opinion polls (民意检验) are now beginning to showreluctant consensus (一致) that, whoever is to blameand whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment morewidely.2 But we need to go further. We must asksome fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue totreat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other waysfor self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in whichmany of us can work for ourselves rather than for an employer? Should we notaim to revive (复兴) the household and theneighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of productionand work?3 The industrial age has been the onlyperiod of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in workpatterns which it brought may have to be reserved. This seems a discouragingthought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work.Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.4 Employment became widespread when theenclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paidwork by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to providea living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottageindustries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved,first by rail and then by road, people commute longer distances to their placesof employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection withtheir home lives and the places in which they lived.5 Meanwhile, employment put women at adisadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productivework of the household and village community. Now it became customary for thehusband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home andfamily to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today,and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.6 It was not only women whose work statussuffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and oldpeople were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated (受挫折) at school and more retired people want to live active lives.7 All this may have to change. The timehas certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopiangoal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping manypeople to manage without full-time jobs.17 Research carried out in recent opinionpolls shows that _____.A. availableemployment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB. new jobsmust be created in order to rectify high employment figuresC. the presenthigh unemployment figures are a fact of life18 In paragraph 2, by asking questions the article suggests that weshould now re-examine our thinking about the future of work and_____.A. set upsmaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ othersB. create morefactories in order to increase our productivityC. be preparedto admit that being employed is not the only kind of work19 In paragraph 3, the arrival of theindustrial age in our historical evolution meant that _____.A. patterns ofwork were fundamentally changedB. economicfreedom came within everyone’s graspC. universalemployment virtually guaranteed prosperity20 What is implied in “The industrial age may now be coming to anend, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to bereserved” in paragraph 3?A. theindustrial age should be reservedB. we shouldreserve the work patterns of the industrial ageC.it is likelyfor us to reserve some of the work patterns which were changed during the industrialage and in the past21 In paragraph 4, the enclosures of the17th and 18th centuries meant that _____.A. people wereno longer legally entitled to own landB. many peoplewere forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesC. people werenot adequately compensate for the loss of their land22 In paragraph 4, “commute” means _____.A.travelregularly by car or trainB. talkC. go23 The main idea of paragraph 5 and 6 is_____.A. shows theproblem of the old and the young and womenB. employment has brought disadvantageous effects on women’s workstatus and side effects on the old and the youngC. the norm offamily role24 The article concludes that _____.A. the creationof jobs for all is impossibilityB. our effortsand resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficientC. peopleshould start to support themselves by learning a practical skill【答案与解析】17 C文章第一段指出：民意测验显示，不管该指责谁，也不管从现在开始要发生什么事，高失业率都将继续下去。18 C文章第二段提了很多问题，如我们应该将就业看成常态吗？我们不应该鼓励自重的人们以其他的方式工作吗？我们不应该创造条件让我们中的很多人能自己当老板而不是为一个雇主工作吗？所以作者让我们重新思考并认识到被雇佣并不是唯一的工作方式，因此选择C项。19 A文章第三段指出：工业时代是人类历史中大多数人的工作都是就业的唯一一个阶段，在第五段中间作者指出：在前工业化时代，男性和女性在家里和村庄都做同样的工作，而现在丈夫去外面从事有酬的劳动，而让妻子在家做无薪水的事情。所以工业时代的到来使得工作模式彻底改变。20 C题干这句话的意思是工业时代正要结束，而工业时代所带来的一些工作模式的改变可能要被继续保留，只有C项意思符合，B项扭曲了语意，并不是要保留工业时代的工作模式，而是要保留部分由工业时代带来的工作模式的变化。21 A文章第四段指出：17—18世纪的圈地运动剥削了人们对土地的使用权，这使得雇佣变得普遍，很多的人都要依赖有偿工作。所以圈地运动意味着人们不再合法地拥有自己的土地。22 A文章第四段最后一句指出：随着交通的改善，人们去更远的地方工作，所以commute是指经常乘交通工具去上班地点，因此选择A项。23 B第五段第一句就指出雇佣使得女性处于不利地位，第六段指出不仅仅是女性的地位受损，更多的青年在学校受挫折，老人希望过更活跃的生活，所以第五六段的大意是雇佣给女性的工作地位带来了不利影响，也给老人和年轻人带来了负面影响。24 A本文讨论的是失业和就业问题。当今社会存在高失业率的问题，且全民实现就业永远都是乌托邦式的幻想，所以必须让公众认识到被雇佣并不是唯一的工作方式，我们也应该更关注如何帮助人们去应对没有全职工作的困境，所以本文得出的结论是要尽可能地去创造工作机会。Part 41 It is natural for young people to becritical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of themisunderstanding between them. They have always complained, more or lessjustly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they arepossessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal withcrises; that they talk too much about certain problems—and that they have nosense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships.2 I think it is true that parents oftenunderestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves feltwhen young.3 Young people often irritate theirparents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers andmusic. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world intowhich they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society oftheir own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabularyor clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment.They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leadersin style and taste.4 Sometimes you are resistant, and proudbecause you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they didapprove, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case,you are assuming that you are the underdog: you can’t win but at least you cankeep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is naturalenough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under yourparents’ control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to beresponsible for yourself.5 If you plan to control your life,co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially yourparents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with yoursense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you theauthority to do what you want to do.25 The author is primarily talking to_____.A. parents ofteenagersB. newspaperreadersC. teenagers26 Paragraph 1 is mainly about_____.A. theteenagers’ criticism of their parentsB. misunderstandingsbetween teenagers and their parentsC. thedominance of the parents over their children27 According to paragraph 3, teenagerstend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because_____.A. they want toirritate their parentsB. they want toshow their existence by creating a culture of their ownC. they have astrong desire to be leaders in style and ‘taste28 In paragraph 4, teenagers do not wanttheir parents to approve of whatever they do because_____.A. they havealready been accepted into the adult worldB. they feelthat they are superior in a small way to the adultsC. they have adesire to be independent29 To improve parent-child relationships,teenagers are advised to be_____.A. obedientB. responsibleC. co-operative30 Which of the following statement is NOTTRUE?A. young peoplealways want to irritate their parents by strange behaviorB. parents’approval of what the children are doing betrays their age and immaturityC. teenagersare advised to learn to be cooperative to bridge the gap with their parents【答案与解析】25 C全文以第一人称的口吻来写，一直用you来指代青少年，就像是在同青少年对话一样，文章末尾还告诉青少年改如何处理与父母之间的关系，所以本文的写作对象是青少年。26 B这是一个主旨大意题，根据第一段中“They have always complained, more or less justly, that theirparents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive anddominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with problems; thatthey talk too much about certain problems—and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent—child relationships.”可以看出这全是青少年对父母的批评和抱怨。27 B第三段一开始就指出：青年人经常用他们对衣服、发型、娱乐明星及音乐的选择使父母生气，这不是他们的目的，他们觉得他们与还没有接受他们的承认世界非常隔膜，因此他们创造自己的文化和社交。所以答案为B。28 C第四段指出：有时候你顽固而且自豪，因为你不想让你的父母同意你所做的事情。如果他们赞同，好像你就背叛了你的同龄人一样。在那种情况下，你就像是一个被压迫者，你无法赢但至少要保持荣誉。所以青少年不想得到父母的认同是因为他们渴望独立。29 C这是一个细节题，根据最后一段第一句“If you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of thatplan.”可知，合作对有计划掌控生活有帮助，所以作者在此是建议青少年采取合作的方式。cooperative合作的。attractive吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的。positive积极的；正面的；肯定的。productive多产的；富有成效的。30 A第三段一开始就指出：青年人经常用他们的一些选择使父母生气，这不是他们的目的，所以A项“青少年总是以奇怪的行为来激怒父母”是错误的。III. For each blank inthe following passage, choose the best answer from the Choices below. (20%)What should youthink about 　(1)   trying to find your career? Youare probably 　(2)   some school subjects than 　(3)  . These 　(4)   show strengths that youcan use in your work. A boy 　(5)   is good atmathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well andlikes English may be good at 　(6)   . 　(7)  it is important to know the 　(8)   youdo well in 　(9)   .(10)   , you may not have any 　(11)   strongor weak subjects 　(12)   your records show ageneral satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directlyin a job, they may have 　(13)   value. A 　(14)　of history is not 　(15)   most jobsbut if history is one of your good subjects you will 　(16)   toremember facts and details. This is 　(17)   thatcan be useful in many jobs.Your school mayhave taught you skills, 　(18)   typing or technicaldrawing, 　(19)   you can use in your work. You maybe good at metal work or cookery and look for a job where you 　(20)  these skills.1 A. toB. inC. atD. for2 A. better atB. better inC. well atD. better of3 A. otherB. othersC. other’sD. the other4 A. shallB. mayC. shouldD. must5 A. whenB. whichC. whoeverD. who6 A. engineeringB. physicsC. office workD. medical work7 A. soB. butC. neverthelessD. however8 A. careerB. subjectsC. activitiesD. things9 A. at homeB. at schoolC. at workD. at the school10 A. one the other handB. thereforeC. as a resultD. so11 A. specialB. speciallyC. especialD. especially12 A. becauseB. whenC. forD. but13 A. indirectB. directC. directlyD. indirectly14 A. fewB. lotC. knowledgeD. little15 A. enough forB. required forC. well-knownforD. famous for16 A. have learnedB. havelearningC. learnD. to learn17 A. a capabilityB. an abilityC. somethingD. anything18 A. suchB. asC. such asD. for example19 A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which20 A. can learnB. can useC. can makeD. can improve【答案与解析】1 B句意：在找工作时你会考虑什么呢？这里选择in表示（某抽象范围、领域）在……方面。2 A考查固定短语，be good at擅长，变成比较级就是be better at更擅长。3 B这里的others指othersubjects其他学科。4 B句意：这些可能会显示出你能用于工作中的长处。5 D考查定语从句，先行词the boy是人，在句中充当主语成分，关系代词可以用that和who。6 C句意：一个书写优美且英语好的女生可能擅长办公司工作。这个空可以根据排除法来做，engineering“工程”和physics“物理”一般都是女生不擅长的，而medical work “医疗工作”跟所提到的书写和英语都毫无关系。7 A前后是因果关系，因为男生和女生有各自擅长的方面，所以知道自己在学校擅长什么是很重要的，所以选择so“因此”。8 B第一段一直在讲擅长什么学科，如提到的物理、工程还有英语等，所以这里是选subject“学科”。9 B因为这一句是在说知道自己擅长什么学科很重要，很显然这是发生在学校的，但要注意区分at school 和at the school的区别，前者是在学校学习，后者是在学校，但并不一定是学习，如果开家长会，家长就是at the school。10 A第一段是在您讲述要知道自己擅长什么科目，但第二段第一句在讲你可能并没有特别强或特别弱的科目，前后是两个不同的方面，所以选择A项，而therefore,as a result和so都是表示“因此”，逻辑关系错误。11 B句意：你可能并没有特别强或特别弱的科目，所以选择specially adv.特别地；专门地。注意这题容易误选D项。especially特别；尤其；格外。虽然specially和especially意思特别接近，但用法略有不同，especially通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。 例：It’s specially hot today.今天天气特别热。He likes all subjects, especiallyEnglish. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。12 D句意：你可能并没有特别强或特别弱的科目，但是你的学习情况大体上很满意。根据语意很显然前后表示转折，所以选择but。13 A句意：并非所有的学科都能直接应用到工作中去，但是他们可能有间接的价值。根据这句第一个单词为although可知前后是转折的关系，而前一分句出现了“directly”，所以后面要选择与其相反的词，又因为要修饰名字value，所以选择形容词indirect。14 C句意：大多数工作都不要求你了解历史。所以选择knowledge，a knowledge of某一方面的知识。15 B根据语意，大多数工作都不要求你了解历史。从而可以选出正确答案B。enough足够的。well-known和famous都表示出名的。16 A句意：历史是你将记住事实和细节的学科之一。首先will后面必须跟动词原形可以排除D项tolearn，而have 后面不可直接加v-ing形式，可以排除B项have learning，那么就只剩下A项have learned和C项learn，再分析一下时态，全文是针对毕业后找工作的人而言的，那么历史应该是已经学过的学科，所以用完成时态更符合，故而选择A项havelearned。17 B句意：这（记住事实和细节）是能用在很多工作中的能力。这题中要注意区分ability和capability。第一：ability能力，主要指人具有从事体力或脑力劳动的能力，并且暗含能够干好的意味。其复数形式表示“才能，专门技能”；capability的含义与ability相似，但它既可以指人，又可以指物。其复数形式常常表示“潜在的能力”。第二：ability是学到的，通过训练或工作磨练而获得的“能力”，而capacity是天生的。这句话中很明显，是学习历史让人获得了记住事实和细节的能力，是通过后天培养出来的，所以选择ability。18 C句意：学校可能教了你很多技能，如打字或者工程制图。所以选择such as例如。19 D句意：你可以把这些技能运用到工作中去。这句考查非限制性定语从句，它是先行词skills的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。在这句中which修饰主句的名词skills，并在从句中做动词use的宾语。20 D句意：你可能擅长金属加工或者烹调术，并想从事一份你能提高这些技能的工作。因为已经说了是be good at“擅长”，所以后面就不会是A项的learn“学习”了，C项的make“制作”在语意上说不通，再比较一下use“使用”和improve“改善，提高”可以发现improve更好，因为前一句中作者已经说了你可以把在学校学到的技能用到工作中去，那么这里语意应该是再进一步，即在工作中再去提高这些技能。IV. Read the followingpassage carefully, and then translate it into Chinese. (20%)Essay examinationscan be short answer questions or long general questions. Essay tests do nothave an exact answer key. They are usually scored on the logic and completenessof the answer, although there will be certain facts expected in the answer. Thenumber one reason students fail essay tests is because they don’t answer thequestions completely and specifically, and because their answers are notwell-organized, not because they cannot write.Essay testsrequire students to remember what they learned. Preparation must be done duringthe semester, not the night before! Here are some tips you can use during thesemester to be ready for any essay test that your instructor announces.【参考译文】作文考试的形式可以是简答题或者是长的常规性问题，作文考试没有一个确切的标准答案，尽管答案中有被期待看到的点，但一般都是按照回答的逻辑性和完整性来评分。学生未能通过作文考试的第一大原因就是因为他们没有完整并明确地回答问题，同时学生的回答没有条理而并不是因为他们不会写。作文考试要求学生记住他们学过的知识，考试准备应该是在学期中就做好的，而不是等到考试前一天晚上。这里为你提供了一些建议，可以用在学期中准备你老师要求的任何一个作文考试。V. Translate thefollowing sentences into English. (10%)1 禁止观众在电影院内吸烟。【答案】No smoking in the movie cinema.查看答案2 除非他节食并每天锻炼，否则体重不会减轻。【答案】Unless he is dieting and doing exerciseevery day, he won’t lose weight.查看答案3 看见你一个人独坐在那里伤心，我很难过。【答案】I am very sorry to see you sittingthere alone sadly.查看答案4 资金短缺是阻碍经济发展的重要因素之一。【答案】Shortage of funding is one of theimportant factors holding back economic development.查看答案5 许多地方政府意识到需要在他们的住房规划中给老年人提供必要的安排。【答案】Many regional governments are awarethat necessary arrangements are needed for the old people in the housingplanning.查看答案