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UNIT 1
一、单元语法
本单元主要涉及一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,表达“被、受、由”之意。一般用于以下几种情况:
(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者
It is found that Tom was murdered.有人发现汤姆被谋杀了。
(2)没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者
Fresh fruit is sold in this market.这个市场出售新鲜水果。
(3)强调动作的承受者
“A Tale of Two Cities” was written by Dickens.《双城记》的作者是狄更斯。
(4)有些情况如公告、通知、报纸标题等,有时用被动语态(被动结构)更适宜。
No books are to be taken out of the reading room.书籍不得带出阅览室。
现以动词do为例,列出上述四种时态的被动语态:
(1)一般现在时:is / am / are + done
How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音?
(2)现在完成时:have / has + been done
All the work has been finished.所有工作都已完成了。
(3)一般过去时:was / were + done
She was asked to sing a song.大家要求她唱首歌。
(4)一般将来时:will / shall + be done或is / am / are going to + be done
Some of you will be sent to America for further training.
你们中有些人将被送到美国接受进一步的培训。
The trees are going to be planted in this area.这些树将被种植在这个区域。
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李观仪《新编英语教程》第3版学习指南 ![]() |
二、词汇短语
Language Structures
1、sharpener [5Fa:pEnE] n. device that sharpens磨具,削具
2、tableware [5teib(E)lweE (r)] n. the dishes, glassware, and silverware used in setting a table for a meal餐具,为吃饭而摆在一张桌子上的碗碟、玻璃器皿和银器
3、stamp-collecting [5stAmpkE,lektiN] n. collecting postage stamps as objects of interest or value集邮
4、hardware [5ha:dwZE] n. a) metal goods and utensils such as locks, tools, and cutlery五金器具,如锁、工具及刀具等金属制品或器皿;b) a computer and the associated physical equipment directly involved in the performance of data-processing or communications functions硬件,计算机及其他直接参与数据运算或信息交流的物理
5、grinder [5graindE] n. a mechanical device that grinds研磨机械,研磨的机械装置
6、preparation [7prepE5reiFEn] n. a preliminary measure that serves to make ready for something准备工作(常用复数形式):preparations for the wedding婚礼的准备工作
7、sponge [spQndV] n. a light cake, such as sponge cake一种轻的糕点,如海绵蛋糕
8、cellar [5selE] n. a room or enclosed space used for storage, usually beneath the ground or under a building地窖
9、mow [mau] n. to cut down (grass or grain) with a scythe or a mechanical device用长柄镰或机械装置割倒(草或谷物):mow the lawn刈草坪
10、lawn [lC:n] n. a plot of grass, usually tended or mowed, as one around a residence or in a park or an estate草坪
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