四川外国语大学《357英语翻译基础》历年考研真题答案解析

【内容节选】 2010年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译I. Translate the following terms into Chinese: (15ps)1 deoxyribonucleic acid【答案】脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）查看答案2 force majeure【答案】不可抗力查看答案3 carbon dioxide【答案】二氧化碳查看答案4 magic realism【答案】魔幻现实主义查看答案5 OED【答案】军械工程处（Ordnance EngineeringDivision）查看答案6 the APEC CEO Summit【答案】亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会查看答案 7 UNFCCC【答案】联合国气候变化框架公约（The United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change）查看答案8 On the Origin of Species【答案】《物种起源》查看答案9 multipolarity【答案】多极化查看答案10 ecocriticism【答案】生态批评查看答案11 thriller film【答案】惊悚片查看答案12 FOB【答案】离岸价格（free on board）查看答案13 optimize economic structure【答案】优化经济结构查看答案14 overall revitalization【答案】全面振兴查看答案15 Silicon Valley【答案】硅谷查看答案II. Translate the following terms into English(15ps)1 白条【答案】blank note查看答案2 共赢【答案】win-win查看答案3 硕士点【答案】master degree program查看答案4 钉子户【答案】nail household查看答案5 次贷危机【答案】subprime crisis查看答案6 金砖四国【答案】BRIC（BrazilRussia India China）查看答案7 亲子鉴定【答案】paternity testing查看答案8 打黑除恶【答案】crime crackdown查看答案9 整顿小煤矿【答案】rectify small coal-mines查看答案10 中国大陆【答案】mainland China查看答案11 教师休息室【答案】Teachers’ lounge查看答案12 混合动力汽车【答案】hybrid electric vehicle查看答案13 四项基本原则【答案】four fundamental principles 查看答案14 发展是硬道理【答案】development is of overriding importance查看答案15 社会主义和谐社会【答案】harmonious socialist society查看答案二、外汉互译III. Translate the underlined part into Chinese.Man was the lastto come but the first to use his brain for the purpose of conquering the forcesof nature. That is the reason why we are going to study him, rather than catsor dogs or horses of other animals, who, all in their own way, have a veryinteresting historical development behind them. In thebeginning, the planet upon which we live was (as far as we now know) a largeball of flaming matter, a tiny cloud of smoke in the endless ocean of space. Gradually,in the course of millions of years, the surface burned itself out, and wascovered with a thin layer of rocks .Upon these lifeless rocks the raindescended in endless torrents, wearing out the hard granite and carrying thedust to the valleys that lay hidden between the high cliffs of the steamingearth. Finally, the hour came when the sun broke through the clouds and saw howthis little planet was covered with a few small puddles which were to developinto the mighty oceans of the eastern and western hemisphere.Then one daythe great wonder happened. What had been dead gave birth to life .The firesliving cell floated upon the waters of the sea. For millions of years itdrifted aimlessly with the currents. But during all that time it was developingcertain habits that it might survive more easily upon the inhospitable earth. Someof these cells were happiest in the dark depth of the lakes and the pools .Theytook root in the slimy sediments which had been carried down from the tops ofthe hills and they became plants. Others preferred to move about and they grewstrange jointed legs, like scorpions and began to crawl along the bottom of thesea amidst the plants and the pale green things that looked like jelly-fishes. Stillothers (covered with scales) depended upon a swimming motion to go from placeto place in their search for food, and gradually they populated the ocean withmyriads of fishes.Meanwhile theplants had increased in number and they had to search for new dwelling places. Therewas no more room for them at the random of the sea. Reluctantly they left thewater and made a new home in the marshes and on the mud-banks that lay at thefoot of the mountains. Twice a day the tides of the ocean covered them withtheir brine. For the rest of the time, the plants made the best of their uncomfortablesituation and tried to survive in the thin air which surrounded the surface ofthe planet. After centuries of training, they learned how to live ascomfortably in the air as they had done in the water .They increased in sizeand became shrubs and trees and at last they learned how to grow lovely flowerswhich attracted the attention of the busy big humble-bees and the birds whocarried the seeds far and wide until the whole earth had become covered withgreen pastures, or lay dark under the shadow of the big trees. But some of the fishes too had begun to leave the sea, and they hadlearned how to breathe with lungs as well as with gills. We call such creaturesamphibious, which means that they are able to live with equal ease on the landand in the water. The first frog who crosses your path can tell you about thepleasures of the double existence of the amphibian.【参考译文】起初，我们生活的星球（就我们现有认知程度看来）是一颗巨大的火球，是无垠空间中一团微不足道的云雾。在几百万年间，地球表面渐渐燃尽，覆盖上了一层薄薄的岩层。雨水的激流不停地冲刷这些无生命的岩石，磨损了坚硬的花岗岩，将尘埃带进热气蒸腾的峭壁之间。最后的时刻终于来临，太阳穿透云层，眼看这颗小星球上的若干水坑如何发展成东西半球的大洋。然后有一天，伟大的奇迹出现了，死气沉沉的地方开始出现生命。最初的活细胞漂浮在海面上。几百万年间，它漫无目的地随波逐流。但它在此期间形成了一些习性，让它在荒凉的大地上更易于生存。一些细胞喜欢呆在湖泊和水池黑暗的深处。它们在从山顶滑落的粘稠沉积物中扎根，并演变成植物。另一些细胞喜欢四处移动。它们长出像蝎子一样的奇怪节肢，在海底植物和像水母一样的淡绿色物体之间爬行。还有一些（覆有鳞片的）细胞从一处游到另一处寻觅食物，渐渐进化为海洋中随处可见的鱼类。与此同时，植物的数量增加了，它们不得不寻找新住所。海底已经没有多余的地方留给它们了。它们极不情愿地离开海水，在沼泽和山脚的泥滩中建造了新居。每天两次的潮汐为它们提供盐水。剩下的时间里，这些植物努力适应不舒服的新环境，试着在地球表面稀薄的空气里生存下去。经过几个世纪的训练，他们学会了如何在空气里舒适地生活，就像曾经在水中生活一样。它们体型变大，演化成灌木和乔木。最终，它们学会了如何长出可爱的花朵，吸引繁忙的大黄蜂和鸟类，让它们把种子带往辽阔的远方，直至绿色的草原和大树的浓荫遍布整个地球。IV. 将下面二段中文准确、得体地译成汉语。（60分）集藏者，集而藏之者也。集与藏并不是相同的概念。集在先，藏在后。集，重在数量之繁复；藏，贵在时间之恒久。两者既相互又联结，又相互渗透，形成了一种文化形态。古今中外都有集藏活动，他随着时代的推进而逐步走向丰富多彩，引人入胜。这正反映了文明进步与社会多层次文化发展的一个侧面。一个胜任的翻译家应该同时从事些研究工作，对所译作者的生平及思想应有一定的了解。我倾向把翻译家分为两类。一是即兴的（或打游击式的）翻译家，另一类是阵地翻译家，他们往往以毕生精力系统地翻译一两位外国作家的著作，如翻译潘家洵至于易卜生，傅雷之于巴尔扎克以及汝龙之于契诃夫。这类翻译家往往在翻译之余，也从事研究工作。【参考译文】Collecting-keepingmeans collecting something and then keep it. Collecting and keeping are not thesame conception. Collecting comes before keeping. Speaking of collecting, themost important thing is quantity; of keeping, long-lasting. They are relativelyindependent and meanwhile infiltrated with each other. As a result, they formeda new cultural pattern. There are all sorts of collecting-keeping activities atall times and in all countries, which are getting more and more colorful andabsorbing with time goes by. It reflects one aspect of the progress of humancivilization and the multi-level social and cultural development.A competenttranslator should do some research while translating, he should know somethingof the life and thought of the author. I’d like to divide translator into twocategories: one is impromptu or guerrilla style translator, the other is“position” translator. The latter often tends to have life-long effort tosystematically translate the works of one or two foreign authors, such as PanJiaxun to Ibsen, Fu Lei to Balzac and Ru Long to Chekov. Besides translating,this kind of translators often does research.