郑树棠《新视野大学英语读写教程（2）》第3版学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

【内容节选】 Unit 1一、词汇短语SECTION Atedious [5ti:diEs] adj. 沉闷的；乏味的，单调的【例句】He is anexceedingly tedious fellow. 他是一个非常令人生厌的家伙。【派生】tediously adv. 沉闷地；冗长而乏味地oblige [E5blaidV] vt. 强迫，迫使；责成；(使)感激（常用被动语态）；施恩于vi. 帮忙；施恩惠【例句】Could you obligeme by closing the door? 请你为我关上门好吗？【词组】be obliged to sb. 感谢(某人)oblige (sb.) with 给…【派生】obligation n. 义务；职责；债务absorbed [Eb5sC:bd] adj. 全神贯注的，一心一意的【例句】He was tooabsorbed in the newspaper to hear the bell. 他专心读报，连门铃也没听见。【搭配】absorbed in 全神贯注于…allergic [E5lE:dVik] adj. 对…过敏的；对…极讨厌的【例句】I am allergic topenicillin.我对青霉素过敏。excursion [iks5kE:FEn] n. 短程旅行，（集体）游览；离题；[物理] 偏移，漂移【例句】We went on anexcursion to the city. 我们到这个城市去旅行。【词组】go on/make a day excursion to the mountains到山上游玩一天earnest [5E:nist] adj. 认真的，诚挚的，热切的【例句】Asan earnest of my good intentions I will reconsider your request.我一定重新考虑你的请求以表示我的诚意。【词组】in earnest ①有决心和精力；②认真（地），一本正经地【派生】earnestness n. 认真；诚挚；正经exclaim [iks5kleim] v. （由于惊讶、痛苦、愤怒、高兴等）呼喊，惊叫，大声说【例句】The childrenexclaimed with excitement. 孩子们激动地喊了起来。civilization/-isation [sivilai5zeiF(E)n;(?@) sivEli5zeiFEn] n. 文明，文化；文明社会【例句】The ancient Egyptians had advanced civilization.古埃及人曾经拥有高度文明。architecture [5B:kitektFE] n. 建筑，建筑学；体系，机构【例句】All hotelarchitecture is themed architecture. 所有酒店建筑都是主题建筑。capture [5kAptFE] n. 捕获，俘虏；夺得；战利品vt. 俘获，捕获；夺取，攻占【例句】The easiest wayto capture a fortress is from within.堡垒最容易从内部攻破。condense [kEn5dens] vt. 使浓缩，使凝结；精炼，压缩vi. 浓缩，凝结【例句】Condense this paragraph into a few sentences. 把这段文字简缩成几个句子。【词组】condense into把…缩短，把…压缩【派生】condensation n. 冷凝；凝结；压缩exceed [ik5si:d] v. 超越，超出，比…大；凌驾，优于，胜过【例句】The results of thecompetition exceeded our expectations. 比赛的结果比我们预料的好。【词组】exceed in 在…方面超过【派生】exceeding adj. 超越的；非常的；过度的exceedingly adv. 非常；极其；极度地；极端distress [di5stres] n. 危难，不幸；贫困；悲痛vt. 使悲痛；使贫困【例句】Please don’tdistress yourself. 请你不要忧愁了。【词组】be distressed at/about/with 因…而感到忧虑in distress 遇难；在困境中【派生】distressful adj. 苦难重重的；使苦恼的；不幸的distressingly adv. 令人苦恼地；悲惨地distinguish [dis5tiN^wiF] vt. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出vi. 区别，区分；辨别【例句】Some people findit difficult to distinguish right from wrong. 一些人认为很难辨对与错。【词组】distinguish…from…辨别，识别，把…和…区别开be distinguishedas 辨明为，称之为distinguishoneself 使扬名；使杰出distinguishbetween 区别；分辨distinctive [dis5tiNktiv] adj. 与众不同的，有特色的【例句】She had adistinctive appearance. 她的外貌与众不同。complimentary [7kCmpli5ment(E)ri] adj. 赞美的，恭维的；赠送的，免费的【例句】The concertreceived complimentary reviews. 这场音乐会得到了舆论的好评。complementary [kRmplE5mentErI] adj. 补充的；补足的【例句】His personality is complementary to hers. 他的个性与她的相反相成。bulk [bQlk] n. 体积，容积；主体；大块；大部分v. 使膨胀，使成堆，显得重要adj. 散装的，大量的【例句】Do they chargecarriage by bulk? 他们是否按体积计算运费？【词组】the bulk of 大多数，大部bulk up发胀；涌起；胀大【派生】bulky adj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的criticism [5kritisiz(E)m] n. 评论性文章，评论；批评，指责；非难【例句】His partialattitude called forth a lot of criticism. 他的偏袒态度招致了不少批评。deficit [5defisit] n. 赤字，逆差；不足额，缺乏，亏损【例句】We ended themonth with a deficit. 我们这个月有亏损。【词组】budget deficit预算赤字【派生】deficient adj. 不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的deficit n. 赤字；不足额dumb [dQm] adj. 哑的；无言的；愚蠢的【例句】I was dumb withdisbelief. 我难以置信，一时说不上话来。【派生】dumbness n. 无言，沉默grocery [5^rEusEri] n. 杂货店，杂货【例句】Mary has bought enough groceries for the journey. 玛丽已为旅行买足了食品。stationary [5steiF(E)nEri] adj. 固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的n. 不动的人；驻军【例句】A stationarytarget is easiest to aim at. 静止的目标最容易瞄准射击。stationery [5steiF(E)nEri] n. （总称）文具；信纸【例句】I bought some stationery and envelopes. 我买了一些信纸和信封。pad [pAd] n. 衬垫，便笺簿v. 堵塞【例句】Americanfootballers wear shoulder-pads for protection.美国橄榄球运动员戴垫肩以保护双肩。【词组】pad sth. out给（衣服）衬软物使成形；（用空话）拉长，充斥（书、文章、讲话等）【派生】padding n. 填料；垫料album [5AlbEm] n. 相簿；唱片集；集邮簿；签名纪念册【例句】He stuck herphotos in the album. 他把她的相片全都贴在了相册里。【词组】photo album相册；相簿stamp album集邮册proclaim [prE5kleim] v. 宣布，声明；显示【例句】I am wearing abutton that proclaimed my choice for president. 我戴一枚徽章来表明我选谁做主席。【派生】proclamation n. 公告；宣布scandal [5skAndl] n. 丑事，丑闻；流言蜚语，诽谤，诋毁【例句】After thescandal was exposed, he committed suicide. 丑闻暴露之后，他自杀了。thrust [WrQst] n. 插，戳，刺；推力；要点v. 插入，刺，戳；挤，推【例句】She thrustherself through the crowd她挤过了人群。【词组】thrust force 推力thrust at sb. (withsth.)/thrust sth. at sb. 用（剑等）向某人刺去thrust sth./sb. on/uponsb. 迫使某人同意（做）某事、接受某物或接待某人thrust (of sth.)言语、评论等的）要点，主题，要旨cut and `thrust(of sth) 激烈的争论；交锋【派生】thrusting adj. 有强大推进力的；有进取心的proficiency [prE5fiFEnsi] n. (in)熟练，精通；进步【例句】He made littleproficiency in literary accomplishments. 他在文学成就方面进步甚少。【词组】proficiency in 熟练；精通【派生】proficient adj. 熟练的，精通的moreover [mC:5rEuvE] adv. 再者，加之，而且【例句】I don’t like skating,moreover, the ice is too thin.我不喜欢滑冰，而且冰又太薄。evidently [5evidEntli] adv. 明显地，显然【例句】Evidentlyshipowner to bear expense refer. 很明显船主应承担此费用。exposure [iks5pEuVE] n. 暴露，揭露，显露；曝光，曝光时间【例句】He nearly died ofexposure on the cold mountain.他在寒冷的高山上差一点没有冻死。adequate [5Adikwit] adj. 胜任的；适当的；充足的，足够的【例句】The skater’stechnique was only adequate. 滑冰者的技术只能说是差强人意。【词组】adequate for 胜任…的；对…是足够的；适合…的【派生】adequacy n. 足够；适当；妥善性competent [5kCmpitEnt] adj. 有能力的；能胜任的；足够的【例句】Her drawing is competent, but her composition is poor. 她的画有功力，但布局欠佳。【词组】competent in 胜任的；有能力be competent for 胜任【派生】competence n. 能力，胜任；权限jerky [5dVE:ki] adj. 忽动忽停的，结结巴巴的，颠簸不稳的【例句】She lit acigarette with quick, jerky movement. 她用急促的动作点着了香烟。function [5fQNkFEn] n. 功能；( pl. )职责，职务；函数v. 起作用，运行【例句】The function of an adjective is to describe or add to themeaning of a noun.形容词的作用就是修饰名词。【派生】functional adj. 功能的span [spAn] n. 跨度，跨距；一段时间vt. 跨越；持续；以手指测量【例句】A memory thatspans 90 years. 跨越了90年的回忆。scratch [skrAtF] v. 抓，搔；乱写，划n. 抓，搔；起跑线【例句】He scratched theinsect bite on his leg (with his nails). 他（用指甲）挠他腿上被虫咬的地方。【词组】start from scratch从头做起，从零开始from scratch 白手起家；从头做起on scratch 准时，正点【派生】scratchy adj. 潦草的；草率的；发刮擦声的tune [tju:n] n. 曲调，调子；和谐vt. 调音，调整，调节【例句】①He’d written a tune， and played it to us on the piano. 他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。②Please tune the television set to Channel 4. 请把电视机调到四频道。【词组】tune in调谐；调台；收听out of tune走调；不协调；（对某事）没有兴趣to the tune of达到…数量；价格达…；共计in tune with（与…）一致；（与…）协调tune sb. in tosth.使某人理解或体谅（他人的思想及感情等）tune up调弦，调准音调adjust [E5dVQst] vt. 调节；整顿，调整vi. 适应(to)；使调节【例句】She carefullyadjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. 她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。【词组】adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应【派生】adjustment n. 调整，调节；调节器destination [desti5neiF(E)n] n. 目的地，终点【例句】It took us allday to reach our destination.我们花了一整天才到达目的地。precise [pri5sais] adj. 精确的，准确的；严谨的【例句】The victim was ableto give a precise description of the suspect. 受害者能够清晰地描绘嫌疑犯。【词组】to be more precise 更确切地说【派生】precisely adv. 精确地；恰恰precision n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确beneficial [beni5fiFEl] adj. 有利的，有益的【例句】Sunshine isbeneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。asset [5Aset] n. ( pl.)资产，财产；有价值的物品【例句】The tennisplayer’s speed is his great asset. 那个网球运动员动作迅速，这是他的一大优势。sour [5sauE] adj. 酸的；酸痛的；脾气坏的；刻薄的【例句】If you leavemilk in the sun, it goes sour quickly. 如果把牛奶放在阳光下，它会很快变酸。SECTION Bactivist [5Aktiveit] n. 积极分子【例句】He’s been atrade union activist for many years. 多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。mysterious [mis5tiEriEs] adj. 神秘的，可疑的；难理解的【例句】There are manymysterious stories about the Egyptian pyramids. 关于埃及金字塔有许多神秘的故事。assassinate [E5sAsineit] vt. 暗杀，行刺；诋毁，中伤【例句】President JohnF. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. 约翰·肯尼迪总统是在1963年被刺杀的。autobiography [7C:tEbai5C^rEfi] n. 自传【例句】Her autobiographywas acknowledged to be number one on the best-seller list of 2001. 她的自传被公认为是2001年第一本畅销书。household [5haushEuld] n. 一家人，家庭，家族adj. 家庭(务)的，家常的【例句】The wholehousehold was/were up early. 全家人都起得很早。mainstream [5meinstri:m] n. 主流，主要倾向adj. 主流的v. 把…编入学校正规班级，把…纳入主流【例句】Individualitywas a sin that was booed in the mainstream society. 那个时代，不从众是标新立异，不为主流所接受。specifically [spI5sIfIkElI] adv. 特有地，明确地【例句】Death frightensme, specifically my own death. 死亡让我感到恐惧，确切地说，是我自己的死亡。inadequate [in5Adikwit] adj. 不充分的，不适当的【例句】①I felt inadequate in my new job, so I left on my own accord. 我觉得自己不能胜任我的新工作，所以我主动辞职了。②The supply is inadequate to meet the demand. 供不应求。【派生】inadequately adv. 不适当地；不够好地inadequacy n. 不适当，不充分；不完全；不十分sketch [sketF] n. 素描；略图，草图；梗概v. 绘略图；速写，写生【例句】She made severalsketches of the old man’s face. 她画了几张那老人脸部的素描。【词组】sketch out概略地叙述；草拟sketch in 约略地补充【派生】sketchy adj. 写生风格的；写生的；概略的rally [5rAli] n. 集会，群众大会；公路汽车赛；振作v. 集合，团结；恢复，振作【例句】Paused torefresh themselves and rally their strength. 暂停一下，让他们恢复恢复体力。【词组】(hold a) rally 团结；（举行）集会functional [5fQNkFEnl] adj. 功能的；职务上的；(人)在起作用的；有多种用途的；可使用的，可操作的【例句】①I’m hardly functional if I don’t get eight hours’ sleep! 我要是不睡上八个小时就无法工作。②We have fully functional smoke alarms on all staircases. 我们在所有楼梯上都装有运转完全正常的烟雾报警器。bid [bid] vt. 出价，投标；祝，表示；邀请；吩咐n. 出价，投标；企图；努力【例句】Anyhigher/further bids? 还有出更高价的吗？【词组】bid in出高价in a bid to为了…bid against 抬高竞买【派生】bidding n. 投标；出价；命令desperate [5despErit] adj. 不顾一切的，令人绝望的；极度渴望的【例句】Theymade a desperate attempt to save the company. 他们为挽救公司作孤注一掷的努力。【派生】desperately adv. 拼命地；绝望地；极度地desperation n. 绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命devise [di5vaiz] vt. 设计；想出；发明；图谋；遗赠给n. 遗赠【例句】They devised anew method for taking out stains easily. 他们设计了一种容易清除污垢的新办法。【派生】devisal n. 设计；发明；策划scheme [ski:m] n. & v. 阴谋，诡计；计划，安排；配置；方案【例句】All the schemesand intrigues are doomed to failure. 一切阴谋诡计都是注定要失败的。 【派生】scheming adj. 惯耍阴谋的，诡计多端的clue [klu:] n. 线索，提示v. 为…提供线索；提示【例句】There is no clue to the identity of the thief. 没有确定窃贼身份的线索。【词组】clue in 向…提供情况clue on 提示quest [kwest] v. & n. 探索；调查，寻求【例句】He devoted his whole life to the quest for knowledge. 他毕生都在寻求知识。【词组】in quest of为了寻求，为了探索appeal [E5pi:l] vi. 呼吁，恳求；上诉；诉诸，求助；有吸引力，迎合爱好；（体育比赛中）诉诸裁判n. 呼吁，请求；吸引力，感染力；上诉；诉诸裁判vt. 将…上诉，对…上诉【例句】Does the idea ofworking for a venture company appeal to you?你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作？【词组】appeal to sb. for 为…向某人呼吁appeal for恳求，请求；要求appeal against 提出上诉skim [skim] v. 撇去；擦过；浏览，略读【例句】They just skimmed theheadlines. 他们只浏览了一下大标题。【词组】skim over掠过，滑过；浏览【派生】skimming n. 浮渣negotiate [ni5^EuFieit] v. (常与with连用)商订；谈判，交涉，商议；通过，跳过(障碍)【例句】It is difficult tonegotiate while neither will trust. 双方彼此不信任便很难进行协商。【词组】negotiate with 协商；谈判【派生】negotiation n. 谈判；转让；顺利的通过format [5fC:mAt] n. 设计，样式，版本vt. （使）格式化；设计；安排【例句】It is time for us to reissue the book in a new format. 是时候用新的版式重新出版这本书了。【词组】file format [计] 文件格式moist [mCist] adj. 潮湿的【例句】Strawberriesgrow best in a cool, moist climate. 草莓在阴凉潮湿的气候中生长最佳。【派生】moistly adv. 潮湿地；含泪地moisture n. 水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量moisture [5mCistFE] n. 潮湿，湿气；湿度【例句】The plants drinkin moisture from the atmosphere. 植物从大气中吸取水分。advisable [Ed5vaizEbl] adj. 可取的，明智的，适当的【例句】Travellers arereminded that malaria tablets are advisable. 旅客须知要服用预防疟疾药。【派生】advisability n. 明智；可劝性；适当advisory [Ed5vaizEri] adj. 顾问的，咨询的，劝告的n. 报告(多指气象方面的)；简讯【例句】He participatedin the conference in an advisory capacity. 他以顾问资格参加了会议。crude [kru:d] adj. 天然的，未加工的；未熟的；粗鲁的n. 天然的物质【例句】The painting wasa crude forgery. 这幅画是一件拙劣的赝品。【派生】crudely adv. 粗糙地；天然地；粗鲁地；不成熟地crudity n. 粗糙；简陋；未成熟物crudeness n. 天然的状态；生硬；未成熟quotation [kwEu5teiFEn] n. 引语，引文，语录；报价，牌价；行市，行情【例句】Directquotations from other paintings are fairly sparse. 直接借用别人的画作是相当少见的【搭配】quotation sheet 报价单；报价量price quotation 报价；价格报价法；价目recall [ri5kC:l] v. 回忆，回想；撤销，收回，叫回【例句】①The makers have recalled a lot of unsafe cars. 厂家召回了许多不安全的车。②I can recall the men’s features. 我回忆得起这个人的容貌。【词组】recall from 从…处召回recall to mind 回想起，回忆起，记得log [lC^] vi. 伐木vt. 切；伐木；航行n. 记录；航行日志；原木【例句】We logged asection of the area in two days. 我们在两天内采伐了一部分林区的树木。【词组】log in注册；请求联机log on登录；注册repetition [7repi5tiFEn] n. 重复，反复，副本，背诵【例句】I want norepetition of your bad behavior. 我希望你不要再犯。literacy [5litErEsi] n. 有文化，有教养；有读写能力【例句】Literacy is anessential foundation for development and prosperity. 识字是发展和繁荣必不可少的基础。depict [di5pikt] vt. 描述；描画【例句】The artist triedto depict realistically the Battle of Waterloo. 这位画家试图逼真地刻画滑铁卢战役。【词组】depict…as…把…描绘成…【派生】depiction n. 描写，叙述acquisition [7Akwi5ziFEn] n. 取得，学到，养成(习惯)；获得的东西；获得；获得物【例句】This motorscooter is his latest acquisition.这辆摩托车是他最新购置的。【派生】acquisitive adj. 贪得的；想获得的；可学到的；有获得可能性的marvellous/marvelous [5ma:vElEs] adj. 很好的，妙极了的【例句】The sciencefiction film had some marvellous special effects. 这部科幻电影有些特殊效果美妙绝伦。successive [sEk5sesiv] adj. 接连的，连续的；继承的；依次的；接替的【例句】The school has won five successive games. 该校已连胜五场比赛。confusion [kEn5fju:VEn] n. 混淆；困惑，糊涂；混乱，骚乱【例句】The room was in confusion after the birthday party. 生日晚会之后，房间里一片混乱。【词组】in confusion 乱七八糟；处于混乱状态throw intoconfusion 打乱；使陷入混乱diminish [di5miniF] vt. 使减少；使变小vi. 减少，缩小；变小【例句】His illnessdiminished his strength. 他的病削弱了他的体力。【派生】diminution n. 减少，降低；缩小concentration [7kCnsen5treiFEn] n. 专注，集中；浓缩；浓度【例句】Thetennis players need total concentration during play. 网球运动员在比赛中需要全神贯注。【词组】concentration on 注意力集中于…concentration of sth. 集中；聚集fluent [5flu(:)Ent] adj. 流畅的，流利的【例句】He is fluent infive languages. 他能流利地说五种语言。【派生】fluency n. 流畅，流利poverty [5pCvEti] n. 贫穷，贫困；缺乏，不足【例句】The poverty offeeling that reduced her soul. 精神的贫乏使她的灵魂变得空虚。【词组】in poverty 贫困；处于贫困当中ignorance [5i^nErEns] n. 无知，愚昧；不知道【例句】Ignorance of thelaw is no excuse. 不懂法律不能成为借口。horizon [hE5raizn] n. 地平线；眼界，见识【例句】①We could see a village on the horizon.在地平线上我们能看到一个村庄。②Travel broadens one’s horizons. 旅行可开阔人的眼界。【词组】on the horizon在地平线上；即将来临的，已露倪端的beyond thehorizon 超越地平线【派生】horizontal adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的expand [iks5pAnd] v. 扩大，发展，增长；张开，展开【例句】Iron expandswhen it’s heated. 铁受热膨胀。【词组】expand in 把…扩展（发展，膨胀）expand into 把…扩展（发展，膨胀）expand on 细说，阐述【派生】expansion n. 膨胀；阐述；扩张物