西南大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》历年考研真题答案解析

【内容节选】 2011年西南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PART I GRAMMAR &VOCABULARY (20 POINTS)There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath eachsentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one wordor phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWERSHEET.1 “It is high time the doctor _____ a moveon.” thought one of the men.A. gets B. gotC. getting D. was getting【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：其中一人认为：“医生是时候采取进一步的行动了”。在it is high time that句式中，that引导的从句中的动词应使用过去式，意为“是时候做……了”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。2 This is their resolution thatextra-curriculum activities _____ part of their school life.A. are made B. were madeC. was made D. be made【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：课外活动是他们学校生活的一部分，这是他们的决定。This is theirresolution that...should+，should可以省略。“activities”做主语，与make是被动关系，所以用be made。因此，本题的正确答案为D。3 Accustomed to climbing trees, _____.A. the top wasnot difficult for me to reach B. to reach thetop was not a problemC. I had nodifficulty to reach the topD. I had nodifficulty reaching the top【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：习惯了爬树，对于我来说，够到上面没有任何困难。“Accustomed toclimbing trees”在句中作原因状语，后面主句的主语要与“习惯”构成主动关系，所以排除A，B。have difficulty to do sth做某事有困难。因此，本题的正确答案为C。4 I beg to _____ tomorrow’s meeting.A. be excusedB. be excusedfrom attendingC. be excusednot to attendD. excuse frombeing attended【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：请允许我不能参加明天的会议。begto do sth请求做某事。excuse sb from doing sth允许某人免于做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为B。5 Only when you have acquired a fairlysound knowledge of grammar _____write accurately.A. can youB. must youC. you willD. you can【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：只有当你掌握了一定的语法知识，你才能够准确地写作。only when引导条件状语从句，意为“只有”，后面的主句要用倒装语序。can表示“能够”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。6 _____, he would not have recovered soquickly.A. Hadn’t beentaken good care of　  B. Had he notbeen taken good care ofC. Had not hebeen taken good care of D. Had he beennot taken good care of【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果他没有受到很好的照顾，他将不会恢复地这么快。在if虚拟条件句中，if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,既将 were, had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not 不前移。因此，本题的正确答案为B。7 Helen apologized for _____ the party.A. her not beingable to attendB. her being notable to attendC. her beingable not to attendD. not her beingable to attend【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：海伦为她没能参加聚会而道歉。apologize to sb for doingsth因为做了某事而向某人道歉。be able to do sth能够做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为A。8 When you are traveling _____, you oftenneed to stay in a hotel.A. if onbusiness or for pleasureB. whether onbusiness or for pleasureC. whetherbusiness or pleasureD. on businessor pleasure【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：当你旅行的时候，无论是因为工作还是为了取乐，你都经常需要呆在宾馆里。onbusiness出差。for pleasure为了取乐，为了消遣。因此，本题的正确答案为B。9 I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illnessinterfered. I hope you will excuse me.A. am to havefinishedB. was to havefinishedC. was to finishD. ought tofinish【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我就要按计划完成文章了，但是我妈妈的生病使我没有按时完成。我希望你能理解。本题考查be to have done，表示事与愿违的虚拟语气。根据题意，文章是早该写好的，但是由于母亲生病耽搁了，没有完成，而且是针对过去的事情，所以用was to have finished。因此，本题的正确答案为B。10 He resented _____ to wait. He expectedthe minister _____ him at once.A. to be asked,to seeB. being asked,to seeC. to be asked,seeingD. being asked,seeing【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他讨厌被要求等候，他期望部长立即见他。resent doing sth讨厌做某事。expect sb todo sth期望某人做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为B。11 The popularity of the film shows thatthe reviewers’ fears were completely _____.A. unjustifiedB. unjustC. misguidedD. unaccepted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：电影的流行显示出评审员的担心是错的。unjustified不正当的，未被证明是正确的。unjust不公平的。misguided被误导的。unaccepted被拒绝的，为被接纳的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。12 The head of the museum was _____ andlet us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.A. promisingB. agreeingC. pleasingD. obliging【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：博物馆的负责人是热心的，还让我们真正检查古代的图稿。obliging助人为乐的，与人方便的，体贴的。promising有前途的。agree同意。agreeable和蔼可亲的，令人愉快的。pleasing令人愉快的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。13 The multinational corporation wasmaking a take-over _____ for a property company.A. applicationB. bidC. proposalD. suggestion【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这个跨国公司正在做兼并一个房地产公司的提案。proposal提议，提案。application应用，申请。bid投标。suggestion建议。因此，本题的正确答案为C。14 The party’s reduced vote was _____ oflack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：这个政党的投票减少表明其政策缺乏支持。indicative暗示的，象征的，指示的。positive积极的。revealing暴露的，有启迪作用的。evident明显的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。15 Mary hopes to be _____ from hospitalnext week.A. dismissedB. dischargedC. expelledD. resigned【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：玛丽希望下周出院。be discharged from the hospital出院。dismissed解雇的。expelled开除的。resigned辞职的，顺从的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。16 Once a picture is proved to be aforgery, it becomes quite _____.A. invaluableB. pricelessC. unworthyD. worthless【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：一旦一幅图画被证明是赝品，那它就会一文不值。worthless无价值的，一文不值的。invaluable，priceless无价的，非常贵重的。unworthy不值得的，无价值的。be unworthy to do sth不值得做某事。因此，本题的正确答案为D。17 His expenditure on holidays andluxuries is rather high in _____ to his income.A. comparisonB. proportionC. associationD. calculation【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：与收入相比，他用于度假和购买奢侈品的开支太高了。in proportion to...与……成比例。in comparison with...与……相比。in association with...与……有联系。calculation计算，估计。因此，本题的正确答案为B。18 He will have to _____his indecentbehavior one day.A. answer toB. answer forC. answer backD. answer about【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：有一天，他将会对他不得体的行为负责。answer for...对……负责。answer to适应，符合。answer back 应答，回复。answer about关于。因此，本题的正确答案为B。19 We were filled with _____ about flyingin such bad weather.A. troublesB. obscurityC. ignoranceD. misgivings【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我们对于在这么糟糕的天气下飞行充满担忧。misgivings担忧，疑虑。troubles患难，麻烦。obscurity模糊，朦胧。ignorance无知，愚昧。因此，本题的正确答案为D。20 We have been hearing _____ accounts ofyour work.A. favoredB. favorableC. favoriteD. favoring【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我们一直都听到你在工作中的好成绩。favorable有利的，良好的，赞许的。favored有利的。favorite最喜爱的。favoring顺利的，有帮助的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。PART II CLOZE (20POINTS)Decide which the choices given below would best complete thepassage if inserted corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blankon your ANSWER SHEET.Successfulscientists have often been people with wide interests. Their originality may(21) _____ their diverse knowledge. Originality often consists in linking upideas whose connection was not (22) _____ suspected. Furthermore, varietystimulated freshness of outlook (23) _____ too constant study of a narrow fieldtends to (24) _____. Therefore reading ought not to be confined to the problem(25) _____ investigation nor even to one’s own field of science, (26) _____,indeed, to science (27) _____. However, outside one’s (28) _____ interests, inorder to minimize time spent in reading, one can read for the most part (29)_____, relying on summaries and reviews to (30) _____ major developments.Unless the research worker (31) _____ wide interests his knowledge may getnarrower and restricted to his own (32) _____. One of the advantages ofteaching is that it (33) _____ the scientist to keep abreast of developments ina wider field than he (34) _____ would.It is moreimportant to have a clear understanding of general principles, without,however, thinking of them as fixed laws, than to (35) _____ the mind with amass of (36) _____ technical information which can readily be found inreference books or card indexes. For (37) _____ thinking it is more importantto see the (38) _____ than the trees; the student is in danger of being able tosee only the tree. The scientist with a mature mind, who has (39) _____ a gooddeal on scientific matters, has not only had to accumulate technical detailsbut has acquired enough (40) _____ to see the wood. 21 A. derive fromB. have derivedfromC. be derivedfromD. have beenderived from22 A. constantlyB.predominantlyC. previouslyD. preciously23 A. whereasB. wherebyC. whereinD. whereat24 A. stupidityB. witC. retardD. dullness25 A. overB. underC. onD. by26 A. everB. orC. norD. neither27 A. lonelyB. lonesomeC. loneD. alone28 A. immediateB. instantC. crucialD. critical29 A. profoundlyB. intensivelyC. extensivelyD.superficially30 A. keep accounts ofB. keep clearofC. keep abreastofD. keep trackof31 A. improvesB. elevatesC. cumulatesD. cultivates32 A. specificationB. specialtyC. subjectD. superstition33 A. forcedB. compelledC. constrainedD. obliged34 A. otherwiseB. howeverC. unlessD. therefore35 A. lootB. loadC. loatheD. loan36 A. abstractB. superficialC. detailedD. general37 A. imaginativeB. visualC. creativeD. factual38 A. timberB. logC. forestD. wood39 A. reactedB. respondedC. reflectedD. retrospect40 A. propertyB. perspectiveC. prospectD. prosperity【答案与解析】21 B  根据原文可知“科学家经常是一些具有广泛兴趣的人们，他们的创造性来源于其多领域的知识”。derive from源自，来自。“originality”与“derive from”是主动关系。故选B。22 C  原文意在表达“创造性在于将人们没有怀疑过的，而又存在关联的想法联系起来”。previously之前地。constantly持续地，不断地。predominantly主要地，显著地。preciously昂贵地。故选C。23 A  根据上下文可知“领域的多样化会刺激产生新鲜的视角，而在过于狭窄的领域进行持续的研究会让人变得迟钝”。whereas然而。whereby 借以。wherein在其中。whereat因何，随即。故选A。24 D  dullness迟钝。stupidity愚蠢。wit智慧，才智。retard延迟，阻碍。故选D。25 B  根据原文可知“阅读不应该局限于待研究的问题上面，也不应该局限于自己的科学领域”。problem under investigation待研究的问题。故选B。26 C  根据上文可知作者意在表达“阅读，除了不应该局限于上述领域外，甚至，也不应该局限于科学本身”。nor表否定。故选C。27 D  science alone科学本身，科学自身。alone独自的，单独的。lonely孤独地。lonesome寂寞的。lone寂寞的，单身的。故选D。28 A  根据原文可知“除了个人直接的兴趣，为了减少阅读花费的时间，可以浅显地完成大部分的阅读。immediate interest当下的，直接的，随即的。instant瞬间的，立即的。crucial重要的，决定性的。critical关键的。故选A。29 D  根据原文可知作者意在表达“肤浅的阅读”superficially表面地，肤浅地。profoundly深刻地。intensively强烈地，集中地。extensively广泛地，广阔地。故选D。30 C  根据上文可知“许多人为了节省阅读的时间，肤浅地阅读。为了解最近的重大发现，他们依靠摘要和评述”。keep abreast of...了解……的最新情况。keep accounts of计较。keep clear of弄懂，明白。keep track of...记录……。故选C。31 D  根据原文中的“unless”可知“除非以为研究人员广泛地培养自己的兴趣，只专注于自己本专业的知识会让他的知识越来越狭窄”。cultivate培养，陶冶。improve改善，增进。elevate提升，举起。cumulate累积，堆积。故选D。32 B  根据原文“restricted to his own specialty”可知作者意在表达“局限于他自己的专业领域”。specialty专业。专长。specification规格，说明书。subject科目，主题。superstition迷信。故选B。33 D  根据原文可知“教学的优点之一是使科学家紧跟重大发展”，oblige sb to do sth迫使某人做某事，具有“某人觉得自己有义务做某事”的含义。force，compel都有“强迫”之意，指利用暴力，权利或个人意志强迫他人做某事。constrainsb to do sth束缚某人做某事。故选D。34 A  根据上下文可知“通过教学，科学家和他原本状况相比，能够了解到更广泛领域的重大发展”。than he otherwise would比他原本。otherwise否则，另外，指另一种情况。故选A。35 B  根据原文可知“对一般原则有一个很清晰的了解是更重要的，而不是把详细的具体信息塞满脑袋”。load负重，负荷。loot抢劫，掠夺。loathe讨厌，厌恶。loan贷款。故选B。36 C  根据原文可知“a mass of detailed technical information”意为“大量详细的技术信息”。detailed详细的，精细的。abstract抽象的。superficial表面的，肤浅的。general一般的，普通的。故选C。37 C  根据上下文可知作者意在表达“根据创造力的要求，看到木头（事物的本质）要比看到树更为重要”。creating thinking创造力。creative创造性的，富于创造力的。imaginative富于想象力的。visual视觉的。factual事实的，真实的。故选C。38 D  wood木头，木材。timber木料。log伐木。forest森林。故选D。39 C  根据原文可知“对于成熟的科学家来说，他能反映出很多科学问题”，reflect反映，反射，反思。react反应。respond回应，回答。retrospect回顾，追溯。故选C。40 B  根据原文可知“成熟的科学家不仅能积累很多技术细节，还能够拥有足够的视角看到木头”。perspective视角。property性质，所有权。prospect前景，前途。prosperity繁荣，成功。故选B。 PART III READINGCOMPREHENSION (20 POINTS)In this section there are four passages followed by 20questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A.B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice onyour ANSWER SHEET.TEXT AAfter years of prospering as the world’sworkshop, China now wants to be its laboratory as well. “Innovation” has becomea national buzzword, and Chinese leaders have been tossing it into theirspeeches since the beginning of the year, when President Hu Jintao started anambitious campaign to drive China’s economy further up the value chain. True,new campaigns and catch phrases are declared by the government and theCommunist Party in China all the time, and there are signs that the governmentintends to back its innovation campaign with more than just words.In launchingtheir “National Medium and Long-Term Programme for Scientific and TechnologicalDevelopment (2006-20)”, Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, and other top officials havevowed to spend more on science and technology, and to insist on businessreforms. Their goal is to move China beyond its dependence on natural resourcesand cheap labor, and stake its place among live economies that depend oneducation and information technology.Officials sayprivately that the new policy emerged only after years of contentious internaldebate. One divide was between nationalists, who advocated a go-it-aloneapproach towards developing indigenous technology, and others who were moreopen to international collaboration. There were abo disagreements as to whetherthe campaign should concentrate on scientific mega-projects or incrementalinnovation.One target is toreduce China’s dependence on imported technology to 30% or less by 2020.According to Professor Fang Xin, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, theinitiative is a matter of necessity. China must learn to innovate if it is tosustain growth. Foreign firms, she notes, reap more than 60% of the profitsfrom China’s high-tech exports. Other officials say that, on average, China’s20,000 large and medium-sized enterprises undertake fewer than five new developmentprojects and generate only two and a half new products each year.The plan alsocalls for an increase in research and development spending from its current1.23% of GDP to 2.5% by 2020, putting China in the same range as OECDcountries’ current scores. Ms. Fang says banks and government departments willbe told to help out with their credit, taxation and currency exchange policies.According to Denis Simon of the State University of New York’s Levin Institute,who advises the Chinese government on science policy, this move comes just intime. “If China doesn’t do this right.” he says, “it risks becoming a good20th-century industrial economy just when it needs to figure out how to be a21st-century knowledge-based economy.”But to succeed,says Mr. Simon, China needs to attend to other matters as well. These includean “internal brain drain” that sees much of the country’s best talent going towork for foreign firms in China, and the country’s notoriously lax regime forprotection of intellectual-property rights. Mr. Simon predicts that suchprotection will improve as more local businesses with an interest in the matterjoin the chorus of complaints from foreigners.Another hugeobstacle is the nature of China’s educational system, which stresses conformityand does little to foster independent thinking. Confucian philosophy reveresthe teacher above all. More innovative Western economies, according to Ms.Fang, operate under Aristotle’s maxim: “I love my teacher Plato greatly, but Ilove truth more.”41 What is the main idea of the passage?A. China isgetting serious about innovationB. NationalMedium and Long-Term Programme for Scientific and Technological Development iswell under wayC. Necessity ofeducation reform in ChinaD. Measures forsustaining economic growth in the years to come42 Which of the following is NOT correctaccording to the passage?A. By 2020, China will have become an economy that depends more oneducation and information than on natural resources and cheap labor.B. By 2020, Chinawill reduce its dependence on imported technology to 30% or less.C. By 2020,China will double its expenditure on research and development.D. By 2020,China will be able to reap more than 60% of the profits from its high-techexports.43 To ensure the successful implementation of the plan, expertssuggest all of the following measures FXCFPT that _____.A. governmentdepartments should help out with their taxation end currency exchange policiesB. conformityto Confucian philosophy should be encouragedC. protectionof intellectual-property rights should be improvedD. policiesshould be adopted to attract more talent to work for China’s firms44 By “internal brain drain”, the authorprobably means that _____.A. many Chinesescientists are working for foreign firms instead of Chinese onesB. Chinesescientists are not so talented as their western counterpartsC. the brainpower of the Chinese becomes depletedD. the insideof the brain is damaged45 According to the last paragraph, _____.A. Chineseteachers deserve higher regard for their workB. Chineseeducation should persistently uphold ConfucianismC. Chineseeducation should operate on Western philosophyD. Chineseeducation system needs reform orientated toward cultivating independent thinking【答案与解析】41 A  根据文章第一段“‘Innovation’ has become a national buzzword, and Chinese leadershave been tossing it into their speeches since the beginning of the year...”可知创新在中国成为了一个流行词，从年初开始，就融入了中国国家领导人的演讲中。为了成为创新型国家，不再单纯依赖自然资源发展经济，中国就此制定了多种规划。由此可知，本文重点在介绍中国对创新的重视。故选A。42 D  根据文章第二段最后一句“Their goal... natural resources and cheap labor, and stake itsplace among live economies that depend on education and information technology”可知中国的目标是不再依赖自然资源和廉价劳动力，而是转向依靠教育和科技实现发展。故A正确。根据文章第四段第一句“One target is to reduce China’s dependence on imported technologyto 30% or less by 2020”，到2020年，目标之一就是将中国对进口科技的依赖降低到30%或者更少。故B正确。根据文章第五段第一句“The plan also calls for an increase in research and developmentspending from its current 1.23% of GDP to 2.5% by 2020”可知到2020年，中国用于研发的资金会从占GDP的1.23%上升到2.5%。即投资会加倍。故C正确。故选D。43 B  根据文章第五段提到的“banks and government departments will be told to help out withtheir credit”可知银行和政府部门将会提供信贷的帮助。故A正确。根据文章倒数第二段提到的“But to succeed...China needs to attend to other matters...includecountry’s notoriously lax regime for protection of intellectual-property rights...Simonpredicts that such protection will improve”可知为了留住人才，减少流失，中国会改善对专利权的保护。故C，D正确。根据原文最后一段提到的“另一个障碍是中国的‘老师至上’的教育制度不利于学生的独立思考”。故选B。44 A  根据文章倒数第二段第二句“an ‘internal brain drain’ that sees much of the country’s besttalent going to work for foreign firms in China”可知中国的人才外流是指国内许多的杰出人才都在为中国的外企工作。故选A。45 D  根据文章最后一段可知“根据中国的教育，学生尊重和敬畏老师，这不能鼓励独立思考，更不利于创新，而在西方创新型国家的教育下，学生尊重老师的同时，更尊重真理。而后者更有利于创新”。所以推测中国鼓励教育改革，推动通过教育来促进学生的自主思维和创新。故选D。TEXT BMaterial culturerefers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen,held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools andtechnology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly,research into the material culture of music can help us to understand themusic-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musicalinstruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musicalperformance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely oninstruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote pastand their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments wellpreserved and instruments pictures in art. Through the study of instruments, as wellpreserved paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movementof music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we canoutline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that results in the developmentof most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music orprinted music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folkmusic-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather thanfrom print, but research show mutual influence among oral and written sourcesduring the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versionslimit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulatepeople to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read musicnotation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomeswidespread, on the music-culture as a whole.One moreimportant part of music’s material culture should be singled out the influenceof the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, andvideocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers andother developments. This is a part of the “information revolution,” a twentiethcentury phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in thenineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; theyhave affected music-cultures all over the globe.46 Research into the material culture of anation is of great importance because  _____.A. it helpsproduce new cultural tools and technologyB. it canreflect the development of the nationC. it helpsunderstand the nation’s past and presentD. it candemonstrate the nation’s civilization47 It can be learned from this passagethat _____.A. theexistence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern andChinese musicB. Near Easternmusic had influence on the development of the instruments in the symphonyorchestraC. thedevelopment of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and WesternmusicD. the musicalinstruments in the symphony is the basis of Near Eastern music48 According to the author, music notationis important because _____.A. it has agreat effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it B. it tends tostandardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians.C. it is theprinted version of standardized folk musicD. itencourages people to popularize printed versions of songs49 It can be concluded from the passagethat the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____. A. has broughtabout an information revolutionB. has speededup the arrival of a new generation of computersC. has givenrise to new forms of music cultureD. has given tothe transformation of traditional musical instruments50 Which of the following best summarizesthe main idea of the passage?A. Musicalinstruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced bycomputers.B. Music cannotbe passed on to future generation unless it is recordedC. Folk songscannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D. Thedevelopment of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect【答案与解析】46 C  根据文章第一段提到的“Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about thegroup’s history and way of life”可知研究一个民族的物质文化非常重要，因为它帮助我们了解这个民族的历史和生活方式。故选C。47 B  根据文章第一段最后一句“we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe thatresults in the development of most of the instruments on the symphonyorchestra”可知近东对欧洲产生了广泛的影响，这导致了大多数交响乐器的发展。故选B。48 A  根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect onmusicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole”可知读乐谱的能力对音乐家的影响重大，当得到广泛传播以后，对整个音乐文化也产生了重要的影响。故选A。49 A  根据文章最后一段可知“电子媒介的对音乐的物质文化产生了重要的影响，它是信息革命的一部分，它在20世纪所起到的作用相当于19世纪工业革命的作用”。故选A。50 D  文章第一段提到了“research into the material culture of music can help us tounderstand the music-culture”研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们理解音乐文化。随后作者介绍了musical instruments，phonograph ，music notation，electronic media-radio的作用和影响。可知文章主要介绍了“音乐文化的发展非常依赖于其物质方面的发展”。故选D。TEXT CWhat non-drugtreatments work to combat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? It’sa question more parents are asking doctors, prompted by new concerns about thesafety of medicines used to treat a problem that affects an estimated 4.4million American children.In the pastthree months, two advisory committees have recommended that warning labels onADHD drugs, most of them     stimulants such as Ritalin, be strengthenedbecause of their possible links to rare cardiac problems.Concerns aboutmisuse and overprescription of ADHD drugs are not new. But hope that the commonneurobehavioral disorder could be effectively treated without medication wasdealt a seven; blow seven years ago when a landmark study of nearly 600school-age children found that medications were the most effective treatment.That study alsofound that the best outcomes, measured by parental satisfaction and someacademic standards, were the result of “combination” treatment: medicationsthat reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration, and behavior therapy toaddress some of the more subtle symptoms.While othernon-drug treatments—play therapy, cognitive therapy, psychotherapy and specialdiets—have been regarded as promising, only behavioral treatment has been shownto work. But experts caution that it is an adjunct to, not a substitute for,medication.Although ADHDspecialists say they consider behavior therapy a key component of effectivetreatment and one that has inspired a recent resurgence of interest, manyparents don’t invest the time and effort necessary for it to be effective.“There’s so muchlip service paid to [combined] treatments, but a lot of people just rely on medicationalone,” said William L Coleman, a developmental pediatrician. “We are aquick-fix society and we want results. There’s a lot of time pressure onparents and on teachers.”A behaviortherapy regimen can be developed by a pediatrician or a school psychologist oranother mental health worker. Based on a structured system of rewards andconsequences—such as increased or decreased TV or video game privileges—theprogram also includes changes in a child’s environment to minimizedistractions. Parents also receive training in how to give commands and ways toreact when a child obeys or disobeys.Experts saybehavioral therapy sounds easier than it is. Parents often “have aninappropriate expectation of what medications can do,” observed Washingtonpediatrician Patricia Quinn. “Drugs don’t improve self-esteem, lime managementor organizational skills. But the problem is the trick, Quinn said, is to keepthings simple, especially for younger children, which enables them to succeed,thereby reinforcing the desired behavior.McLean childpsychiatrist Thomas Kobylski compares ADHD to diabetes: Medications arenecessary but not sufficient for both conditions. Children with ADHD, he said,need medication as well as the skills that behavior therapy teaches to functionwell at home and at school. There is an added benefit from combinationtreatment, said Kobylski Studies have found that children treated with behaviortherapy can take a lower dose of medication, Kobvlski said.Public relationsexecutive Susannah Budington began using behavior therapy several years ago,shortly after Allison, the oldest of her five children, was diagnosed with ADHDand started taking Concern.“She’s such anenthusiastic, wonderful kid I would never want to medicate that away,” saidBudington. Concerts, she said, enables Allison to be less impulsive and morecooperative, but behavior therapy has helped the 12-year-old “operate as partof our family, to play soccer and to do things with her friends. It’s extremelyimportant.”One of the biggestproblems, Budington said, has been getting Allison to do her homework withoutincessant reminders. One of the techniques Budington and her husband recentlydevised involves Allison’s desire to get her ears pierced, something herparents have agreed that she can do when she turns 13. When Allison does herhomework without prompting, she gets a chip she can use to move up thecar-piercing date by a week. Bad behavior means a week is added.Trish White, nmanager at CHAAD, said that the involvement of her son’s school in hisbehavioral program has been critical to the progress. Once a child is diagnosedwith the disorder, federal law requires that the school devise anindividualized education plan that accommodates the disability. That plan oftenincludes elements of behavioral treatment, but cooperation by teachers andschool systems varies, experts say....that most parents don’t have enough timeor energy” for behavior therapy.Quinn, who hasseen concern about ADHD medications wax and wane during the years she hastreated hundreds of children with the disorder, regards growing interest inbehavior therapy as a positive development. “Drugs,” she said, “can only do somuch.”51 From the passage, we can know that abdication to ADHD_____.A. may possiblylead to heart problemsB. is the mosteffective treatmentC. will bereplaced by non-drug treatmentD. is easierthan non-drug treatment52 Which of the following statements isNOT true? A. Thetreatment which achieves the academic standards is an effective treatment.B. Not all thenon-drugs are workable although they may be promising.C. Many parentsspend little time on behavioral therapy because they only want results.D. Parents canlearn to use rewards and consequences to cure the children.53 Behavioral therapy_____.A. involvescomplicated rulesB. can improveself-esteemC. can beapplied to diabetesD. can only beapplied by professionals54 What do we know about Allison after shereceived behavioral therapy?A. She needs nomedicine at all.B. She is lessimpulsive than beforeC. She is morecooperative than before.D. She can dothings with others.55 Which of the following statements isTRUE according to the passage? A. Allison hasher cars pierced already.B. To help thekids with ADHD, we should not let TV distinct their attention.C. As far asmedication is concerned, wax is important to kids with DHAD.D. Kids withDHAD benefit from the federal law.【答案与解析】51 C  根据文章第一段提到的“What non-drug treatments work to combat attention-deficit hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD)?”哪些非药物的治疗能够对抗ADHD呢？以及最后一段提到的“regards growing interest in behavior therapy as a positivedevelopment”越来越多的人对行为疗法产生兴趣是一个有利的发展。由此推测非药物疗法会被用来治疗ADHD。故选C。52 D  根据文章第四段提到的“best outcomes, measured by parental satisfaction and some academicstandards, were the result of ‘combination’ treatment”符合学术标准的是组合疗法带来的结果：药物疗法和行为疗法的结合被证明是有效的。故A正确。根据文章第五段可知“其它非药物疗法也是有希望的，但真正奏效的只有行为疗法。故B正确。根据文章第七段可知“现在是一个快速解决的社会，父母和老师都有时间和精力的压力”，故C正确。根据文章第八段提到的“Based on a structured system of rewards and consequences... tominimize distractions”可知通过使用这些疗法能够减少注意力的分散，并不能使疾病得到治愈。cure治疗，治愈。故选D。53 B  根据文章第九段“Drugs don’t improve self-esteem, lime management or organizationalskills”，可知作者通过提到“药物疗法不能改善病人的自尊，促进其自我管理，以及增强其组织技能”，来从侧面突出非药物疗法具有这些作用。故选B。54 D  根据文章倒数第四段“...but behavior therapy has helped the 12-year-old “operate as partof our family, to play soccer and to do things with her friends. It’s extremelyimportant”由此可知行为疗法帮助Allison能够参与家庭活动，踢足球，以及和朋友们一起做事，这是极其重要的。所以行为疗法帮助了Allison与他人一起做事。故选D。55 D  根据文章倒数第二段“federal law requires that the school devise an individualizededucation plan that accommodates the disability”，由此可知联邦法律要求学校为患有ADHD的学生制定个人教育计划。故选D。TEXT DHumans are theonly species in the world to use language for communication. Humans axe not,however, the only species to make music. Other animals that use music includesome primates, dolphins and whales, birds (of course), and even mice. Using aparsimonious approach—in which researchers deriving evolutionary trees selectthe one that requires the fewest changes—song must have preceded language inhumans. In other words, we made melody before we developed the capacity to usewords.While thishypothesis has not yet been proven, the evidence for it is certainlypersuasive. According to one researcher, only two steps are needed to developthe ability to sing: a capacity to make repetitive vocal patterns and theability to control exhalation from the chest while making different sounds in asingle breath. Take a deep breath and exhale while making the notes for“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.” Chimpanzees cannot do that, but we can.There are atleast two additional steps required, however, to move from the melody of“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” to the words. The human brain also had to evolvethe capacity for syntax—he arrangement of words in a sentence—and for wordvocabulary. While many animals make repetitive vocal patterns with controlledexhalations, only humans have the wiring in the brain that allows production oflanguage in a reproducible and learnable pattern. According to the rule ofparsimony, that relationship means that the ability for song developed first,and the ability to communicate with spoken language evolved later, arising onlyonce in the history of life on Earth.One argument forthe idea that changes in pitch and tone preceded production of words is thecombination of tone and words in some tonal languages, such as Chinesedialects. In Mandarin, for I example, the word “ma” can be pronounced with ahigh lone or a low tone and can mean either “mother” or “horse.” depending onwhich tone is used. It is possible that humans communicated only with tonesbefore incorporating tones with words. Support for this idea comes from thefact that music is universal among human cultures, and mothers and babies typicallycommunicate with one another in sing-song voices. Babies can understand andappreciate pure, harmonious melody by the age of 4 months, suggesting that anappreciation for the harmonious elements of song is hardwired in the humanbrain.Indeed, studiesshow that the human brain has the structures for processing music through bothhemispheres. Brain imaging has demonstrated that what goes in the ears is firstprocessed in the auditory cortex, consisting of groups of cells that lie justabove the ears. From there, pitch, melody, and rhythm perception is processedin the brain’s right hemisphere (at least in people who are right-handed), andthe left hemisphere senses frequency and intensity. And music is so universalin its effects in the brain that both hemispheres must be used to determine themeter (i.e., three-beat or four-beat units). The motor cortex also lights upsignificantly when a person listens to music, even if the person is not moving.Thus, the human brain processes music as it relates to movement even when thebody is still. From the information, it would seem that music processing isdeep-seated and widespread in the human brain. Movement is also a form ofcommunication, so the combination of melody and music could have made forincreased communication complexity before the advent of language.And music’seffects do not stop with the brain. Humans have such an ancient associationwith music that listening to it can produce beneficial physical effects. Inintensive-care units that play soft music, patients need less medication tostabilize blood pressure. Infants in intensive care gain weight faster and stayfor shorter periods if tire unit plays soft music or if their mothers or thenurses hum to them. And music during mealtimes in nursing homes withAlzheimer’s patients reduces altercations among the residents.56 This article is most probably takenfrom _____.A. a musictextbookB. a journal inbiologyC. a newspaperD. anencyclopedia57 The word “parsimonious” in the firstparagraph may possibly mean _____.A. veryunwilling to spend moneyB. veryunwilling to spend timeC. veryunwilling to accept changesD. veryunwilling to accept new ideas58 Which of the following can be inferredfrom the article?A. The “motorcortex” means the part of the brain which processes music.B. English is atonal language.C. Primates aremore developed animals than dolphins and whales.D. Movement isan advanced form of communication.59 Which of the following facts is NOT used to prove the long historyof human familiarity with music?A. Chimpanzeescannot take a deep breath and exhale while making the notes for “TwinkleTwinkle Little Star.”B. Patientslistening to soft music need less medication to stabilize blood pressure.C. Babies only4 months old can appreciate melody.D. The motorcortex lights up when a person listens to music, even if he is not moving.60 In the last paragraph, according to theauthor, music can _____.A. reducedispleasures among the residentsB. reducedisputes among the residentsC. reducedisputations among the residentsD. reducedispositions among the residents【答案与解析】56 C  根据原文可知作者在介绍有关人类语言的出现，叙述了音乐与语言的联系，和论证了在历史上两者出现的先后顺序。所以推测此篇文章选自报纸。故选C。57 D  文章第一段提到了“Using a parsimonious approach...the one that requires the fewest changes”，由此可知“parsimonious approach”带有的特点是“requires the fewestchanges”，故选D。58 D  根据文章倒数第二段提到的“Movement...a form of communication, so the combination of melodyand music could have made for increased communication complexity....”，可知movement也是一种交流方式，而且旋律和音乐的结合会促进更为复杂的交流。由此推测Movement是一种更先进的交流方式。故选D。59 C  根据文章最后一段“Infants in intensive care gain weight faster and stay for shorterperiods...or if their mothers or the nurses hum to them”可知，如果放着舒缓的音乐，处于护理期的婴儿体重增加地很快，缩短被护理的时间。作者并没有提到4个月大的婴儿能够欣赏音乐旋律。故选C。60 B  文章最后一段提到了“And music during mealtimes in nursing homes with Alzheimer’spatients reduces altercations among the residents”，在养老院里，午饭时间放音乐能够减少人们之间的争执。altercations争执，争辩。故选B。PART IV GENERALKNOWLEDGE (10 POINTS)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answersheet.61 _____ introduced Christianity intoBritain.A. The CeltsB. The RomansC. The VikingDanesD. The French【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：罗马人把基督教带进了英国。62 _____became a literary current duringthe period of the successful Industrial Revolution.A. CriticismB. ModernismC. RomanticismD. Renaissance【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：浪漫主义是工业革命时期主要的文学流派。63 _____ is the largest city and the chiefport of the United States.A. WashingtonD.C.B. Los AngelesC. SanFranciscoD. New YorkCity【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：纽约市美国最大的城市，也是美国主要的港口城市。64 The first American president to beelected from the Republican Party was _____.A. ThomasJeffersonB. James MonroeC. JamesMadisonD. AbrahamLincoln【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：美国历史上第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕·林肯。65 _____ is a branch of linguistics whichstudies the mental process of language comprehension and production.A. Appliedlinguistics B.SociolinguisticsC.PsycholinguisticsD. Cognitivelinguistics【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：认知语言学是语言学的一个分支，研究语言理解和语言产生的心理过程。66 Which of thefollowing is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. TheTelegraphB. The GuardianC. The News ofthe WorldD. The Times【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：《泰晤士报》是英国历史上最古老的报纸。67 The term “Father of Waters” is used torefer to _____.A. the AmazonRiverB. theMississippi RiverC. the NileRiverD. the HudsonRiver【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：密西西比河是美国的“众河之父”。68 The process whereby on individual word is shifted to thestatus of grammatical element is _____.A.lexicalizationB.grammaticalizationC. categorizationD.formalization【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：单个的一个词被转化为某个语法成分的过程为语法化。69 _____ is the dividing line between theSouth and North.A. The HudsonRiver B. The PotomacRiverC. The OhioRiverD. The MissouriRiver【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：美国南北的分界线是密苏里河。70 The setts in the Senate arc allocatedto different states _____.A. according totheir populationB. according totheir sizeC. according totheir tax paid to federal governmentD. equally【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：美国在每个州里都有两名参议员代表。与各州面积，人口，缴税无关。PART V WRITING (30POINTS)As Reynold says, “If you have great talents, diligence willimprove them; if you have but moderate abilities, diligence will supply theirdeficiency. Based on this idea, you are required to write a composition ofabout 500 words on the following topic: The Importance of DiligenceIn the firstpart of your writing you should state clearly your main argument and in thesecond part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In thelast pan you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with asummary.Marks will beawarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure tofollow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.【参考译文】TheImportance of DiligenceIt is said that “diligenceis the mother of success” which tells us that success and fortune derive fromperseverance and one’s constant effort. Therefore, it is wise to be diligentand work hard.As far as I’mconcerned, first, diligence is the earnest application of one’s will, time andenergy which contributes to the accomplishment of tasks so that goals can betransformed into reality. One of the key points to distinguish it from otheradmirable qualities lies in its consistent commitment to what one pursues.Compared with laziness, diligence asks people to exert his/her effort, andthrough the devotion of time, energy and effort, a diligent person is morelikely to gain what he/she pursues as expected. Second, diligence pays carefulattention to details and requires dedication of good quality. It’s true andreasonable to value efficiency and innovation, at the same time; it’s possibleto realize that diligence plays an important role in turning the broad visionsinto practical actions. It not only means to work hard blindly, but emphasizesstriving in the right direction. If a diligent effort cannot achieve therelated aims but makes it even harder to achieve, it would be a disaster.Therefore, it is necessary to make measurement and evaluations in order to makesure that our effort would be worthy before we take any actions to start.Thirdly, sometimes, diligence could be understood as working hard whichexplains its most remarkable feature. It can be made full use of to achieveprominent progress as long as we know the crucial time to be diligent in bothour work and life. As Einstein proposes, to be a genius requires 1% talent and99% sweat. It can be justified by the saying “no pains, no gains”. In conclusion,diligence cannot guarantee success, but without diligence, it would beextremely difficult to succeed. Before a task started, we’d better figure outthe intended aims as well as possible ways to make it true. In the process ofperforming a task, we should be diligent, at the same time, pay attention todetails, moreover, innovation and creativity shouldn’t be abandoned butpreserved or highlighted in order to achieve the effectiveness and efficiency. 【解析】文章首先陈述了勤奋的含义和重要性。然后表达自己的看法：首先，勤奋是将自己的时间，精力，意志力应用到具体的任务中，帮助把目标转化成现实。与懒惰相比，勤奋要求我们朝着正确的方向付出持续不断地努力。勤奋的人更有可能达到其预期的期望。然后，勤奋注重细节，关注质量。有时，我们重视效率和创新是合理的，但同时也要认识到勤奋的重要性，通过勤奋，才能将伟大的远景转化成实实在在的行动。在此过程中，我们要避免盲目的勤奋，要选择正确的方向，否则，不仅我们的努力白费，还会使我们离目标越来越远。再者，勤奋最大的特点是不断地努力。它对我们的工作和生活都非常重要。正如爱因斯坦所说，天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。可见，勤奋对我们实现成功是非常重要的。最后进行总结：勤奋不能保证成功，但是缺乏勤奋，成功会极其困难。在我们开始一项任务之前，最好弄清楚我们的期望达到的目标，以及达到目标的各种途径。在工作过程中，关注细节，不断努力。为了同时实现效率和达到良好的效果，还需强调创新性和创造力。