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1Passage 1 A spectre haunts this book—the spectre of Europe. Just as the 700 pages of Tony Blair’s autobiography could not escape the shadow of Iraq, so the 700 pages of David Cameron’s memoir are destined to be read through a single lens: Brexit.
For all its detailed accounts of coalition talks with the leader of the liberal Democrats or Syria debates with Barack Obama, Brexit is the story. Cameron acknowledges as much, writing several times that he goes over the events that led to the leave vote of 2016 every day, “over and over again. Reliving and rethinking the decisions, rerunning alternatives and what-might-have-beens.” Later he writes: “My regrets about what had happened went deep. I knew then that they would never leave me. And they never have.”
It’s this which gives the book its narrative arc, one it shares with Blair’s. Both tell the story of a man whose previously charmed path to success is suddenly interrupted, running into a catastrophe that will haunt him to his last breath. The build-up is the same in both cases, a series of consecutive victories—winning his party’s leadership, rebranding and modernising that party to appeal to the centre ground, reaching Downing Street, winning re-election—only to make a decision that will wreak lasting havoc.
Cameron offers the same defence for Brexit that Blair gave for Iraq: yes, things might have turned out disastrously, but my mistake was honest, I acted in good faith, I only did what I truly believed was right.
Which is not to say that his memoir is not self-critical. On the contrary, Cameron scolds himself throughout and not only on Brexit. He writes that he often misses the wood for the trees, getting lost in policy detail and failing “to see the bigger, emotional picture”.
Nevertheless, his memoir reminds you why Cameron dominated British politics for so long. The prose is, like him, smooth and efficient. The chapter describing the short life and death of the Camerons’ severely disabled son, Ivan, is almost unbearably moving. With admirable honesty, Cameron admits that the period of mourning did not only follow his son’s death but his birth, “trying to come to terms with the difference between the child you expected and longed for and the reality that you now face”. What had, until then, been a charmed life was interrupted by the deepest heartbreak.
【参考译文】
A spectre haunts this book—the spectre of Europe. Just as the 700 pages of Tony Blair’s autobiography could not escape the shadow of Iraq, so the 700 pages of David Cameron’s memoir are destined to be read through a single lens: Brexit.
一个幽灵，欧洲的幽灵，在本书中游荡。正如托尼·布莱尔（Tony Blair）700页的自传摆脱不了伊拉克战争的阴影一样，戴维·卡梅伦（David Cameron）700页的回忆录也必然绕不开一起重大事件：英国脱欧。
For all its detailed accounts of coalition talks with the leader of the liberal Democrats or Syria debates with Barack Obama, Brexit is the story. Cameron acknowledges as much, writing several times that he goes over the events that led to the leave vote of 2016 every day, “over and over again. Reliving and rethinking the decisions, rerunning alternatives and what-might-have-beens.” Later he writes: “My regrets about what had happened went deep. I knew then that they would never leave me. And they never have.”
卡梅伦在回忆录中详细讲述了他如何同自由民主党领导人进行谈判组建联合政府，以及如何与奥巴马总统探讨叙利亚问题解决方案，尽管如此，英国脱欧才是这本书的核心。卡梅伦数次提及自己每天都会思考引发2016年公投脱欧的所有事件。他也在书中承认道：“我会一遍又一遍地回顾当时做出的决策，思考其他可行的方案以及它们的可能后果。”之后他又写道：“对于所发生之事，我深表遗憾。我知道我将永远无法摆脱这种情绪。时至今日，也确实如此。”
It’s this which gives the book its narrative arc, one it shares with Blair’s. Both tell the story of a man whose previously charmed path to success is suddenly interrupted, running into a catastrophe that will haunt him to his last breath. The build-up is the same in both cases, a series of consecutive victories—winning his party’s leadership, rebranding and modernising that party to appeal to the centre ground, reaching Downing Street, winning re-election—only to make a decision that will wreak lasting havoc.
这种遗憾情绪贯穿了回忆录的叙事主线，布莱尔的自传也同样如此。两本书都讲述了这样一个故事：径情直遂、成就辉煌，倏忽间成功戛然而止，闯下弥天大祸，势穷力竭最终抱憾终身。故事展开也别无二致，先是一路凯歌——赢得党内选举，重塑政党形象，完成政党现代化改造以吸引中间派选民、入主唐宁街首相府邸、拿下连任选举——最后却做了一个决定，其造成的破坏久久无法消弭。
Cameron offers the same defence for Brexit that Blair gave for Iraq: yes, things might have turned out disastrously, but my mistake was honest, I acted in good faith, I only did what I truly believed was right.
在英国脱欧和伊拉克战争这两起事件上，卡梅伦和布莱尔为自己进行的辩护也如出一辙：是的，结果可能会是灾难性的，但那只是无心之过，我只是做了我坚信正确的事情。
Which is not to say that his memoir is not self-critical. On the contrary, Cameron scolds himself throughout and not only on Brexit. He writes that he often misses the wood for the trees, getting lost in policy detail and failing “to see the bigger, emotional picture”.
这并不是说回忆录没有自我批评的色彩。相反，卡梅伦本人在书中做了大量的自我批评，且不单就脱欧一事。他写道，自己经常一叶障目，因小失大，拘泥于政策细节，却忽略了“大局，也就是人民的情绪”。
Nevertheless, his memoir reminds you why Cameron dominated British politics for so long. The prose is, like him, smooth and efficient. The chapter describing the short life and death of the Camerons’ severely disabled son, Ivan, is almost unbearably moving. With admirable honesty, Cameron admits that the period of mourning did not only follow his son’s death but his birth, “trying to come to terms with the difference between the child you expected and longed for and the reality that you now face”. What had, until then, been a charmed life was interrupted by the deepest heartbreak.
尽管如此，读完他的回忆录，我们便会意识到为何卡梅伦可以主导英国政坛如此之久。回忆录文风一如其人，平稳而又干练。有一章节讲述了卡梅伦身患重疾的儿子伊万的短暂一生及其离世经过，令人动容。卡梅伦承认其哀恸之情并不始于他儿子死亡之时，而是从他刚出生的那一刻便开始了，“尝试接受自己曾满怀期待的孩子的人生跟必须面对的现实之间存在着巨大差距”，这份坦诚让人钦佩。卡梅伦的人生曾经顺风顺水，而孩子降世后，一切戛然而止，令人心碎。
[分析]选词用词采分点及理解结构采分点。这句话是两个并列式的结构，值得注意的是Iraq和Brexit明显并列不当，伊拉克是个国家，脱欧是一起事件，建议将背景内容补充出来，Iraq指的是“伊拉克战争”。read through a single lens表示“从……的视角来看”，但是主语不是人，这种译法欠妥，所以可以意译为“绕不开一起重大事件”，与前文形成呼应。
（2）For all its detailed accounts of coalition talks with the leader of the liberal Democrats or Syria debates with Barack Obama, Brexit is the story. 卡梅伦在回忆录中详细讲述了他如何同自由民主党领导人进行谈判组建联合政府，以及如何与奥巴马总统探讨叙利亚问题解决方案，尽管如此，英国脱欧才是这本书的核心。
[分析]选词用词采分点及理解结构采分点。句首For all引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然……”，主句是逗号后面的Brexit is the story。英文是静态语言，中文是动态语言，英译中时可以考虑将名词动词化，因此detailed accounts可以翻译成“详细讲述了”，coalition talks可以翻译成“进行谈判组建联合政府”, Syria debates可以翻译成“探讨叙利亚问题”。
（3）It’s this which gives the book its narrative arc, one it shares with Blair’s. 这种遗憾情绪贯穿了回忆录的叙事主线，布莱尔的自传也同样如此。
[分析]选词用词采分点。which指代上文中的My regrets。句中的narrative arc原意是“叙事弧线”，此处可以译为“叙事主线”。
（4）things might have turned out disastrously, but my mistake was honest, I acted in good faith, I only did what I truly believed was right. 结果可能会是灾难性的，但那只是无心之过，我只是做了我坚信正确的事情。
[分析]选词用词采分点。my mistake was honest不能直译为“我的错误是诚实的”，因为错误不是人，并无诚实虚伪之分，此处指的是犯错的这个人问心无愧，因此转译为“那只是无心之过”。
（5）He writes that he often misses the wood for the trees, getting lost in policy detail and failing “to see the bigger, emotional picture”. 他写道，自己经常一叶障目，因小失大，拘泥于政策细节，却忽略了“大局，也就是人民的情绪”。
[分析]选词用词采分点。Miss the wood for the trees指“只见树木，不见森林”，在翻译时可以采取本地化的策略，译为中文中意思相近的俗语“一叶障目，因小失大”。to see the bigger, emotional picture中的picture在这里指的是“状况；情形；形势”，emotional可以结合背景知识进行翻译，卡梅伦不希望英国脱欧，但是公投结果却使得英国脱欧，显然是卡梅伦忽略了“人民的情绪”。
2 Language exists to communicate whatever it can communicate. Some things it communicates so badly that we never attempt to communicate them by words if any other medium is available. Those who think they are testing a boy’s “elementary” command of English by asking him to describe in words how one ties one’s tie or what a pair of scissors is like, are far astray. For precisely what language can hardly do at all, and never does well, is to inform us about complex physical shapes and movements. Hence descriptions of such things in the ancient writers are nearly always unintelligible. Hence we never in real life voluntarily use language for this purpose; we draw a diagram or go through pantomimic gestures. The exercises which such examiners set are no more a test of “elementary” linguistic competence than the most difficult bit of trick—riding from the circus ring is a test of elementary horsemanship.
Another grave limitation of language is that it cannot, like music or gesture, do more than one thing at once. However the words in a great poet’s phrase interanimate one other and strike the mind as quasi-instantaneous chord, yet, strictly speaking, each word must be read or heard before the next. That way, language is as unilinear as time. Hence, in narrative, the great difficulty of presenting a very complicated change which happens suddenly. If we do justice to the complexity, the time the reader must take over the passage will destroy the feeling of suddenness. If we get in the suddenness we shall not be able to get in the complexity.
One of the most important and effective uses of language is the emotional. It is also, of course, wholly legitimate. We do not talk only in order to reason or to inform. We have to make love and quarrel, to propitiate and pardon, to rebuke, to console, intercede, and a rouse. “He that complains,” said Johnson, “acts like a man, like a social being.” The real objection lies not against the language of emotion as such, but against language which, being in reality emotional, masquerades—whether by plain hypocrisy or subtle self-deceit—as being something else.
【参考译文】
语言的存在就是用来表达它所能表达的一切。有些事情用语言表达效果太糟，所以如果有其他的媒介，我们从不用语言去表达。有人认为，让小孩用语言描述怎样系领带，或者描述一把剪刀的样子，就能测出他语言的“基本”水平，这种看法是完全错误的。语言做不到，也从来做不好的事，恰恰就是描述复杂的物体形状和动作。因此，古代作家对这类事情的描述，几乎总是让人看不懂。因此，我们在现实生活中，从来不会主动用语言来做这些事；我们会画一个图，或者用手势表示。这种语言测试设计，考的不是语言的“基本”能力，这就像用马戏团花样骑马表演中最难的部分，去考一个人的基本骑术。
语言的另一大局限就是它无法像音乐或手势那样，一次能做不止一件事。一个伟大的诗人，即使他的词句那样相互辉映，一瞬间好像和弦一样打动了我们，但是，严格来说，每一个字都是一个接一个地读到或听到的。这么说，语言就和时间一样，是单线前进的。因此，在叙事时，要描述瞬间发生的复杂变化，就十分困难。如果我们要把复杂性适当描述出来，读者阅读这一段语言所花的时间就会破坏瞬间感。如果我们要体现这件事的瞬间感，我们就无法表现其复杂性。
语言最重要、最有效的一种用途就是表达感情。这当然也完全是合情合理的。我们说话不止是为了讲道理、说事情。我们还要表达爱情、与人争吵、劝解抚慰、宽恕原谅，还要指责、安慰、调解、激发他人。约翰逊说过：“会抱怨的人行动起来才像一个人，才像一个社会的人。”我们真正要反对的并不是这种表达感情的语言，而是那种实质是表达感情，但却通过十足的虚伪或者是巧妙的自欺，伪装成别的东西的语言。
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