朱永涛英语国家社会与文化入门第4版复习讲义

朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解 【完整内容点击文中链接获取】

美国的起始
Ⅰ. What is an American?
1 A new race
2 Current situation
Ⅱ. Two immigration movements
1 From Asia
2 From Europe and Africa
Ⅲ. The Forces that led to the modern development of Europe (Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries)
1 The growth of capitalism
2 The Renaissance
3 The Religious Reformation
Ⅳ. The colonial Patterns
1 The settlement in Virginia
2 Puritanism
3 Catholic Maryland
4 Quaker Pennsylvania
Ⅴ. The American Revolution (The War of Independence)
1 The causes
2 The eve
3 The process
4 The major leaders (The Founding Fathers)
5 The significance
Ⅰ. What is an American? （美国民族性）
1 A new race（新的民族）
(1) In 1782, French farmer J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, who settled in Pennsylvania, first raised the question of national identity in Letters from An American Farmer.
(2) He thought the American was a new man who had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants, and who left behind him his ancient prejudices and manners and received new ones. Individuals were melted into a new race who acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and form new opinions. The idea that America is a melting pot originated from his words.
（1）赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫克尔于1782年著成《美国农人简史》，首次提出了美国民族性这一问题。
（2）他提出：美国人是一种新型的人，来自欧洲各个种族的人已融成一个新的民族，美国人抛弃了过去所有的偏见与习俗，接受了新的一套，按新的原则办事，吸取新的思想，形成新的见解。美国是民族大熔炉的思想源于德克雷夫克尔的说法。
2 Current situation（当前形势）
Ethnic minorities such as Afro-Americans and Asian immigrants are also included in the American.
如今，美国还包括更多的少数民族，如非洲裔美国人、亚洲裔美国人等。

内容来源	朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》第4版笔记

Ⅱ. Two Immigration Movements（两次人口迁移运动）
1 From Asia（来自亚洲的人口迁移）
(1) About 25,000 years ago, tribes from Siberia crossed the Bering Strait and reached the Americas.
(2) Before the Europeans arrived, they developed three brilliant civilizations—the Aztecs, the Incas, and the Mayas.
(3) Columbus mistook them for Indians.
（1）大约25000年以前，西伯利亚的部落越过白令海峡，到达美洲。
（2）他们创造了辉煌文明，如阿兹台克文化、印加文化、玛雅文化。
（3）哥伦布将他们错认为印度人。
2 From Europe and Africa（来自欧洲与非洲的人口迁移）
(1) The migration began during the European expansion of the 16th century.
(2) Columbus discovered America in 1492. In 1497, John Cabot sailed to Canada. On the basis of his report, the king claimed the continent of North America for England.
(3) The permanent settlement of North America from England began in the seventeenth century.
（1）这次迁移始于16世纪欧洲扩张时期。
（2）1492年，哥伦布发现美洲。1497年，约翰·卡伯特航行到达加拿大；英王根据他的报告宣称北美大陆属英国所有。
（3）来自英国的在北美的永久定居者开始于17世纪。
 ……

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