亚历山大《新概念英语3：培养技能（新版）》学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋练习答案】 【完整内容点击文中链接获取】
LESSON 1 A PUMA AT LARGE【课文精解】
1．Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。
which引导定语从从句，修饰cat-like animals。
派生词cat-like由名词词根+后缀(-like)构成。-like意为“像…的，有…特征的”，例：child-like像孩子似的。
2．When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45公里处发现美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。
when引导时间状语从句，that引导的从句that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London是reports的同位语，进一步说明报告的内容。此处的they指代的是前面的reports。
take ... seriously认真对待…。例：He is joking. Don’t take it seriously. 他是跟你开玩笑呢。你别当真。
此处的spot用作动词，表示“发现”，此外，spot常与on the连用，构成搭配on the spot，表示“当即；当场”，例：
James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot. 詹姆斯被叫去见那个制片人，当即得到了那份工作。
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亚历山大《新概念英语3》学习指南  |
3．However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. 可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。
本句话中，as引导原因状语从句，主句是experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate，介词短语from the Zoo作定语，修饰experts。此处for引导并列分句，对前面的分句加以解释，补充说明推断的理由。
过去分词短语given by people作定语，修饰descriptions，相当于descriptions which were given by people，用这种分词结构的好处是：分词结构跟在名词后面，衔接更加紧凑，同时轻便简练，使文字干净利落。此外，还能避免句型的重复。who引导定语从句，修饰people。
obliged to不得不（做）。例：
She was obliged to keep to bed because of a fever. 她因发烧而不得不躺在床上。
obliged to还有“感激，感谢”的意思，例：
We are much obliged to you for your help. 非常感谢您对我们的帮助。
claim to do sth. 声称做过某事。例：
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
渔民和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。
补充说明：as作从属连词可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句等。
as引导时间状语从句，表示“当…的时候”或“一边…一边…”，强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生。例：
The boy was singing a popular song as he was bicycling. 这男孩边骑车边唱歌。
as引导原因状语从句常放在主句前，表示“因为，由于”，其语气不如because强，通常为附加说明的理由，且是已知晓的原因，主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。例：
As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身体不好，所以我独自到那里去了。
as引导让步状语从句要求将主语和谓语或谓语的一部分倒装。例：
Old as he is, he is still full of energy. 尽管年纪大了，但他依然精力充沛。
4．The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a ‘large cat’ only five yards away from her. 搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时看见“一只大猫”，离她仅五码远。
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small village。现在分词短语picking blackberries作后置定语，修饰a woman，相当于定语从句who was picking blackberries。
此处的hunt用作名词，hunt用作动词时，也常与for搭配，构成词组hunt for，表示“搜寻，寻找”。例：
I’ve been hunting for you everywhere for several hours. 我到处找你已找了好几个小时。
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