翟象俊《大学英语精读（1）》第3版学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

【内容节选】 Unit 1一、词汇短语Textstrategy [5strAtidVi] n. 战略，策略；计划；对策，政策【例句】By careful strategy she negotiated a substantial pay rise. 她精心策划后，协商了大幅度增加工资的事。【派生】strategic adj. 战略上的，战略的means [mi:nz] n. 手段，方法|| v. 意味，想要【例句】Have you the means to support a wife? 你有钱供养妻子吗？【词组】by means of 用，依靠by no means 绝不nevertheless [7nevETE5les] conj. （nonetheless）然而，不过|| adv. 然而；虽然如此；依然【例句】She was very tired, nevertheless, she kept on working. 她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。command [kE5mB:nd] n. 命令，支配，指挥|| v. 命令，指挥，掌握；博得【例句】The general commanded his men to attack the city. 将军下令部下攻城。【派生】commanding adj. 指挥的；居高临下的；威风凛凛的|| commander n. 指挥官；司令官sustain [sEs5tein] vt. 支撑，撑住；维持，持续；经受；忍耐【例句】The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal.法庭确认他的要求正当，宣布该合同不合法。【词组】sustain a family 维持家计【助记】sus（从下边）+tain（维持）→从下边维持→支撑【派生】sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的|| sustainability n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性helpful [5helpful] adj. 有帮助的，有益的，有用的【例句】The helpful boy carried my bags for me. 这个好心的男孩帮我搬运提包。complain [kEm5plein] v. 抱怨；控诉【例句】Stop grumbling! You’ve got nothing to complainabout. 别抱怨了！你没什么可抱怨的。【词组】complain about 抱怨complain(to sb.) of/about sth. 抱怨【派生】complaining adj. 抱怨的|| complaint n. 抱怨；诉苦；疾病；委屈bound [baund] n. 跃进，跳；范围，界限|| adj. 被束缚的；必定的，一定的；准备到…去，开往…的|| v. 跳跃；限制【例句】①Our joy knew no bounds. 我们快乐无比。②We are bound for home. 我们打算回家。【词组】out of bounds 越轨，超越限度；禁止入内be bound to 注定；肯定会be bound up with 与…有密切联系be bound by 受…约束；由…联系起来【派生】boundary n. 边界；范围；分界线constant [5kCnstEnt] adj. 经常的，不断的；始终如一的|| n. 常数，恒量【例句】The distortion of form is a constant in his painting. 曲线型是他绘画的一贯特点。【派生】constancy n. 坚定不移；恒久不变commit [kE5mit] vt. 犯罪；承诺；做错事；把…交托给；指派…作战【例句】One cannot commit crimes with impunity. 一个人不能犯了罪不受惩罚。【词组】commit oneself 承诺，答应负责committo memory 记住【助记】com（共同）+mit（送）→委托【派生】committed adj. 坚定的；效忠的；承担义务的|| commitment n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担；献身concentrate [5kCnsentreit] v. 集中，浓缩；全神贯注，全力以赴|| n. 浓缩物【例句】The crowds concentrated round the palace. 人群汇集在宫殿的四周。【词组】concentrate (sth.) on/upon 专心，致力于【助记】con（一起）+center（中心）→一起向中心→聚集effective [i5fektiv] adj. 有效的，生效的；被实施的；给人深刻印象的【例句】The medicine is an effective cure for a headache. 这种药治头痛有很好的疗效。route [ru:t] n. 路线；路程；航线；通道|| vt. 按某路线发送【例句】We came by a longer route than usual. 我们走了一条比通常要长的路来的。enlarge [in5lB:dV] vi. 扩大；放大；详述|| vt. 扩大；使增大；扩展【例句】I planned to enlarge this photograph. 我计划放大这张照片。【词组】enlarge on 详述【助记】en（使役前缀）+large（大）→放大【派生】enlargement n. 放大；放大的照片；增补物vocabulary [vE5kAbjulEri] n. 词汇，词汇量；词汇表【例句】English is a language with a large vocabulary. 英语是一门词汇丰富的语言。usage [5ju:sidV] n. 使用，用法；习惯，习俗；惯用法【例句】Machines soon wear out under rough usage. 机器如果使用不仔细，很快就会磨损。addition [E5diFEn] n. 加；加法；附加部分，增加（物）【例句】Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。【词组】in addition 也，另外in addition to 除…之外addition to sth 增加with the additionof 外加【助记】add（增加）+tion（名词后缀）repetition [7repi5tiFEn] n. 重复，反复，副本，背诵【例句】I want no repetition of your bad behavior. 我希望你不要再犯。opportunity [7CpE5tju:niti] n. 机会，时机【例句】We have few opportunities of speaking English. 我们很少有机会说英语。communicate [kE5mju:nikeit] v. 传达；交流；通讯；沟通（交换思想）；传染【例句】I like to communicate with my family. 我喜欢和我的家人沟通。【词组】communicate with 沟通，通话【派生】communicating adj. 交流的；通信的|| communication n. 通讯，通信；交流campus [5kAmpEs] n. （大学）校园；大学教育【例句】The news soon went round the campus. 消息很快传遍校园。rehearse [ri5hE:s] v. 排练，排演；讲述(某事物)，(尤指)自述，背诵；(通过排演)指导或训练(某人)【例句】He rehearsed his speech last night. 他昨晚练习了他的讲演。【派生】rehearsal n. 排演；预演；练习；训练；叙述instance [5instEns] n. 例证，例子；情况|| v. 举例说明【例句】The proposal was accepted at the instance of themajority. 这一建议经大多数的请求得到采纳。【词组】at the instance of 应…的请求first instance 一审for instance 例如detail [5di:teil, di5teil] n. 细节，详情|| vt. 详述；选派；派遣|| vi. 画详图【例句】The brochure details all the hotels in the area. 这本小册子详细介绍了当地所有的旅馆。【词组】in detail 详细地【助记】de（分开）+tail（切）→切成一片一片→细节purchase [5pE:tFEs] vt. 买，购买|| n. 买，购买【例句】The purchase price is less if you pay by cash. 付现金的话，价钱便宜些。reliable [ri5laiEbl] adj. 可靠的，可信赖的|| n. 可靠的人【例句】It’s not reliable to judge a man only by his looks. 单凭外表来判断一个人是不可靠的。source [sC:s] n. 源，源泉；来源，出处【例句】Bad food is a source of illness. 变质的食物是疾病之源。【词组】at source 在源头；在发源地；在开端input [5input] n. 输入；投入【例句】We must not forget the sales department’s input. 我们不能忘记销售部的投入。handle [5hAndl] n. 把手；柄；手感；口实|| vt. 处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸|| vi. 搬运；易于操纵【例句】His indiscretionsgave his enemies a handle to use against him.他不够慎重给予敌人以反对他的可乘之机。【词组】handle with 处理apart [E5pB:t] adv. 分离，分开；相距，相隔|| adj. 分开的【例句】The two sister plants are three miles apart. 这两座姐妹工厂相隔三英里。【词组】apart from 远离，除…之外；且不说；缺少fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解；破碎assign [E5sain] vt. 分配，指派；指定（时间、地点等）；（分派的）任务【例句】The hardest work was assigned to the strongest laborers. 最繁重的工作分配给最强壮的劳工。【词组】assign sb to sth 指定某人做一工作或任一职务；委派，选派某人【助记】as（加强语气）+sign（签名）→签署任命→指派【派生】assignable adj. 可分配的；可指定的；可让渡的|| assignmentn. 分配；任务；作业；功课motivation [7mEuti5veiFEn] n. 动机，动力【例句】The stronger themotivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 一个人学外语的内在要求越高，那么他就学得越快。summarize/summarise [`sQmEraiz] v. 概括，总结【例句】He summarised the book in ten pages. 他用十页篇幅概述了这本书。【派生】summarization n. 摘要；概要process [prE5ses] n. 过程；工序，制作方法；工艺；（法律）程序，（诉讼）手续|| v. 加工，处理【例句】Building a car is a long process. 制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。【词组】in the process of… 在…过程中；经过…【助记】pro（向前）+cess（走）→向前走，前进→加工【派生】procession n. 队伍，行列；一列，一排；列队行进accumulation [Ekju:mju5leiF(E)n] n. 积累，堆积；积聚物 【例句】The steady accumulationof small debts was a ball and chain to his progress. 不断累积的小债务妨碍了他的发展。【词组】accumulation fund 公积金；积累基金capitalaccumulation 资本积累absorb [Eb5sC:b] v. 吸收；引人注意，使着迷（占据…的注意力、兴趣或时间）【例句】①The soil can absorb the rainwater.土壤会吸收雨水。②This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。【词组】absorb in 集中精力做某事；全神贯注于【派生】absorbed adj. 被吸收的；一心一意的|| absorption n. 吸收；全神贯注，专心致志Reading Activityintelligence [in5telidVEns] n. 智力，聪明；理解力；情报；情报工作；情报机关；消息【例句】She’s the equal of her brother as far asintelligence is concerned. 论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。【助记】来自intelligent（ adj. 理智的）necessarily [5nesisErili] adv. 必要地【例句】The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人未必快乐。【词组】not necessarily 不一定，未必weekly [5wi:kli] adj. 每周的|| adv. 每周一次|| n. 周刊，周报schedule [5Fedju:l] n. 时间表；进度表；程序表；一览表；目录 || v. 安排，计划【例句】This is a schedule of postalcharges. 这是一份邮资价目表。【词组】behind schedule 落后于预定计划on schedule 按时；按照预定时间ahead of schedule 提前chart [tFB:t] n. 图表；航海图，航行图|| vt. 绘图表，制图表，规划【例句】The pilot charted the plane’s course. 飞行员制定了飞机的航线。【派生】chartered adj. 受特许的|| chartist n. 宪章派；图解专家；宪章运动者aside [E5said] adv. 在旁边，到一边|| n. 旁白；离题的话|| prep. 在…旁边【例句】I mention it only as an aside. 我只是顺便提及此事。【词组】aside from 除…之外set aside 留出；驳回，撤销；不顾occupy [5Ckjupai] vt. 占用；占领，占据；（使）忙碌，（使）从事【例句】He occupied himself with sculpting. 他自己忙于雕刻。【词组】be occupied in sth 正在（做某事）【派生】occupational 职业的；占领的solve [sRlv] vt. 解决，解答，解释【例句】It was clever of you to solve the problem. 你真聪明，能解答出那个问题。【派生】solution n. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答|| solubility n. 溶解度aware [E5wZE] adj. 知道的，意识到的【例句】Are you aware of your opponent’s hostility? 你意识到了对手的敌意吗？【词组】be aware of/that 意识到…【派生】awareness n. 意识，认识；明白，知道comprehension [7kCmpri5henFEn] n. 理解，理解力，领悟能力；包含，包括【例句】The problem is above [beyond] my comprehension.这个问题超出我的理解力。confuse [kEn5fju:z] vt. 使混乱，混淆，弄错【例句】They asked so many questions that they confused me.他们问了许许多多问题，把我弄糊涂了。【词组】confuse with 混淆【助记】con（一起）+fuse（流）→流到一起→混合,混乱【派生】confused adj. 困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的|| confusion n. 混淆，混乱；困惑permanent [5pE:mEnEnt] adj. 永久的，持久的，固定的【例句】The universal human yearning for something permanent and enduring. 全人类渴望永恒且持久的东西。【助记】per（始终）+man（逗留）+ent→始终逗留→持久的【派生】permanence n. 持久；永久二、课文精解Text1 Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain agood command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpfullearning strategies you can employ to make the task easier: ①本句的主句是“there are”句型，you can employ to make the taskeasier是定语从句，修饰strategies。②while在本句中做连接词引导让步状语从句。例如：While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我想帮忙，但我没有时间。2 But, in fact, it is not your memory that is atfault: at fault表示“有过错，有责任”，例如：It’s management that’s at faultrather than the work-force.错在资方而不在劳方。3 Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things:watch out for表示“密切关注”，例如：The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes. 已经要求职员留意伪钞。4 It is true that there are few situations atschool where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek outopportunities to practice speaking the language: 本句的句型是“it is true that...”，加上but引导转折分句。it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句才是真正的主语。在that引导的主语从句中还有一个where引导的定语从句，修饰situations。5 It pays to absorb as much as you can fromreading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practicethrough speaking and writing: ①本句中it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的两个不定式“to absorb...”和“to put...”，put后面是what引导的宾语从句。②it pays to do sth表示“做…是值得的，有好处的”，例如：It pays to doa bit of advertising.做些广告是合算的。Reading Activity1 Perhaps you are an average student withaverage intelligence: averageintelligence表示“普通智力”，例如：I think he is a boy of averageintelligence. 我认为这个男孩智力平平。2 Be sure to set aside enough time to completeyour normal reading and work assignments: set aside表示“留出”，例如：He set aside that night to finish a paper. 他留出一天晚上把论文写完。3 Go over your notes as soon as you can afterclass: go over表示“复习”，例如：Beforedoing your exercises, you should go over the text. 做作业前，你应该将课文复习一遍。