兰州大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

【内容节选】 2011年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.  Vocabulary andgrammar (30’)Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence thereare four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1 The ChiefCabinet Secretary ordered all cabinet members yesterday to search campaign fundrecords for any contributions from an industry, ________ for tax evasion andlinks with organized crime.A. accountableB. notoriousC. inexorableD. pregnant【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：昨日内阁官房长官下令所有内阁成员搜索贡献自任何一个行业的活动基金记录，他们因逃税和与组织犯罪有联系而臭名昭著。notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的。accountable，有责任的。inexorable无情的；不屈不挠的。pregnant怀孕的。2 She has beengesturing with one hand, to _______ what she said.A. rotateB. facilitateC. emphasizeD. substitute【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：她一直用一只手打手势来强调她说的话。emphasize强调，着重。rotate使旋转。facilitate促进；帮助。substitute代替。3 Othercountries’ currencies are either fixed in value or _______ against the dollarin the world’s foreign exchange markets.A. regulateB. fluctuateC. devastateD. emulate【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：其他国家的货币要么在价值上固定要么在全球汇率市场上和美元反向波动。fluctuate波动。regulate调节，规定。devastate毁灭；毁坏。emulate仿真；模仿。4 I disapproveof diets so strongly because I think it’s wrong suddenly to _______ your body________ certain foods.A. switch...offB. deprive... ofC. immerse...inD. rid ... of【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我强烈反对节食因为我认为突然剥夺身体吸收某些食物是错误的。deprive... of剥夺…的…；使丧失。switch off（用开关）关掉；切断（电源）。immerse in全神贯注于，专心于；把…浸入水中。rid of 除去，摆脱。5 He isplanning to go to Tehran to ________ peace moves through the Islamic ConferenceOrganization.A. publishB. surveyC. initiateD. hoist【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他计划去德黑兰通过伊斯兰会议组织来发起和平行动。initiate开始，创始hoist（用绳索，起重机等）使升起。publish出版；发表。survey调查；勘测。6 Too often weact on assumptions that bear little or no _______ to fact or evidence.A. illustrationB. association C. resemblanceD. reference【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我们太常依照有很少或者根本没有事实依据的假设而采取行动。resemblance相似。illustration说明；插图。association协会，联盟。reference参考；涉及。7 Bothprosecution and defense lawyers gave _______ closing remarks.A. eloquentB. efficientC. realisticD. objective【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：控方律师和辩护律师都做了具有说服力的总结发言。eloquent有说服力的。efficient有效率的。realistic现实的。objective客观的；目标的。8 That is therate of monetary growth which is _______ avoiding inflation.A. symbolic ofB. unintentionalforC. subsequent toD. compatiblewith【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：货币增长是与避免通货膨胀相配的。compatible with与…和谐相处；与…相配的。symbolic of…的象征。unintentional for无意的。subsequent to继…之后。9 In the warmany families have lost everything they _______ and hold dear.A. cherishB. hauntC. breachD. nourish【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在战争中很多家庭失去了他们珍爱、看重的所有东西。cherish珍爱。haunt常出没于…。breach违反，破坏。nourish滋养；怀有。10 I am on the_______ of retirement and I believe Paul would be happy to take my place.A. vergeB. borderC. edgeD. basis【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我接近退休了，玩相信保罗很开心接受我的职位。on the verge of濒临于；接近于。on the border of在…的边界上。on the edge of几乎；濒于。on the basis of根据；基于…。11 Theauthorities were not sympathetic to the students’ demands, _______ anydisruption.A. and wouldthey not tolerateB. not wouldthey tolerateC. or they wouldnot tolerateD. nor wouldthey tolerate【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：当局既不赞同学生们的要求，也不会容忍任何混乱发生。本题考查部分倒装，否定词nor提前时，句子结构为：neither/nor/no more+助动词+主语（表示也不），本题中语序为nor would they tolerate。12 Our attemptsto communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders inour language and _______.A. having themobeyingB. having themto obeyC. having themobeyedD. having thembeing obeyed【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我们为与其它生物交流所做的尝试主要是用我们的语言发出命令并让它们服从。have sth. done使得。13 Alex Hart isan unusual person. I have never met _______ individual.A. a moreextraordinaryB. a mostextraordinaryC. the moreextraordinaryD. the mostextraordinary【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：艾利克斯哈特是一个不寻常的人。我从没遇见任何一个更特别的人。根据语境，主语“我”想表达的是Alex非常特别，因此用“从没遇见任何一个更特别的人（a more extraordinary）”来加强语气。14 In thescientific station _______ designed to record moonquakes and meteorite impacts.A. instrumentswereB. wereinstrumentsC. doinstruments standD. instrumentsstand【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：在科学站，工具被设计用于记录月震和陨石撞击。此处were提前至主语前，倒装表示强调工具被设计用于记录月震和陨石撞击。15 Each penny,dime, and quarter _______ carefully by the bank teller.A. are countingB. is countingC. are countedD. is counted【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：每一分、一角、两角五分都被银行行员仔细地计数。由于货币只能被数，因此采用被动形式；由于each表示“每一个”，be动词遵循主谓一致的原则采用单数形式is。16 I couldn’tmention other examples of your bad work, but ________ to say that yourperformance has been unsatisfactory.A. it sufficesB. suffices itC. it sufficeD. suffice it【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我不能提及你工作糟糕的其他例子，但已经足够说明你的表现令人失望了。suffice it to say只要说…就够了。17 The sunrises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _______ roundthe earth.A. circlesB. is circlingC. be circlingD. were circling【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：太阳从东边升起从西边落下，所以看起来太阳是围绕地球转动的。as if后一般用虚拟语气，当所说内容与现在事实相反时用过去式（be动词用were），由于我们知道太阳并不是围绕地球转的，此处就是这情况，采用werecircling。18 “Did youhave to go to the court?” “No, I didn’t. But I would ________ if my lawyerhadn’t been so good.”A. hadB. haveC. beD. do【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：你必须出庭吗？不，我没出庭。但是如果我的律师没这么出色的话我可能就要出庭了。根据didn’t判断这段对话是针对过去发生的事情的。if引导的虚拟条件句是对过去事情的虚拟，用过去完成时hadn’t been，那么“我会出庭”就建立在一个虚假的过去的条件之上，用would have done的形式，完整的句子应该是would have gone to court,但因为前文提到了，所以可以省略。19 ________ hiswords with care, the speaker suggested that the Government was mistaken in itsattitude.A. Having chosenB. BeingchoosingC. When chosenD. Whilechoosing【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：字句斟酌，发言人示意政府在态度上搞错了。根据语境，修饰部分和主句部分并没有先后关系，排除A项由于是发言人主动发出斟酌字句的动作，因此采用主动语态，排除Ｃ项；表示主动发出动作时，可以省略being，排除B项，故D项为正确答案。20 They offeredhim the job on the strength of his letter. He _________ an interview.A. mustn’t evenhave to haveB. shouldn’teven have to haveC. didn’t evenhave to haveD. mightn’t evenhave to have【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他们根据他求职信的优势给他提供了职位。他甚至都不用参加面试。本题中国实义动词为第二个have，意为“有”；情态动词为have to，意为“必须”，表是“非必须；不用”选择didn’t have to。II.  Readingcomprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiplechoice (20’)Directions: In this section there arereading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage ASilence: A Story of Courage and HealingSome say thatsilence is a great healer. If you’d said that to me two years ago, I would haveagreed. “Silence,” I would have argued, “is anything but healing. There isnothing therapeutic about keeping your feelings inside, never talking aboutwhat’s going on in your life.” I now believe that silence is the reward you getfrom great healing in addition to being the healer itself. But 1 didn’t knowthat then.I had neverunderstood the value of silence. I didn’t have to. My family was loud andhappy. And why not? Nothing serious ever went wrong--not that we knew about.Sure, my siblings and I always fought noisily until our mom yelled at us tostop. Then we’d shout and complain about injustice, but always, eventually, hugand make-up. Within the parameters of my innocent world, I knew silence as alack of something: a lack of noise, a lack of discussion, a lack of feeling, alack of love. Maybe I was even a little afraid of the emptiness it created--theaural darkness where forgiveness never happened; I thought I knew ... I wasvery wrong.Jaime entered mylife without much fanfare about two years ago. I’ll never forget the day I methim. My university required a community service stint to graduate, and I wantedto get it out of the way. I’d heard that the local YMCA was a good resource,and I liked working with little kids. I thought maybe they’d let me teachswimming. So on a cool October day in the fall of my sophomore year, I made myway to the YMCA looking for easy credits.I didn’t have acar at school until my junior year of college, so if I needed to go anywhere, Iwould generally catch a ride with a friend or walk. On that particular day, nofriend was available and the ten-mile walk was far beyond my dedication topublic service. Consequently, I was at the mercy of public transportation.Thankfully, I’d heard the local bus system was pretty reliable.  With thehelp of the CITA bus line map, I climbed onto Bus Route 3, paid my fifty cents,and scanned for a seat. Buses often have their own unique demographic: eachcrowd is unlike any other. On this bus, most everyone was either asleep ortotally oblivious. Except for one kid. He wasn’t all that big-maybe thirteenyears old-and he seated by himself, farther apart from the other riders thanseemed possible in such a crowed space. Unlike the others, his eyes were alert.And they were glued on me.Normally, Iignore people with such awkward habits. But for some reason, I couldn’t stopstarting back. Older still, instead of avoiding him, I found myself passing anempty seat to sit on the bench beside him. Once I did, he turned to look outthe window. That’s when the strangeness of it all hit me, and I started to feela little awkward. I wanted to get back control of the situation. Trying to besubtle, I looked him over. I noticed some scarring on his hands, and a smallgash on his cheek. Suddenly, He turned and looked me in the eye. Expecting himto say something, I just waited, watching. He said nothing. After about fifteenseconds, I couldn’t take the silence anymore.“Hi,” I said,trying not to appear as nervous as I felt. No response. He just kept staring.“I’m Katie.” I added a smile. Again, I received no response. I gave it one moretry.“I’ve never usedthe bus system before. It seems pretty reliable. Do you use it a lot?” Silence.My cheery voice sounded out of place. Other people were starting to stare atme. This time I gave UP and tamed my head toward the front of the bus, tryingto ignore the thirteen-year-old staring me down... again, I opened my cellphone to check the time and saw that only two minutes had passed. This wasgoing to be the longest bus ride ever. Then a thin voice cut through thesilence. “I’m Jaime.”My heart skippeda beat. Could it be that my silence was the catalyst for this small victory? Byallowing Jaime the room that silence allows to make his own decision abouttalking to me, I had made a connection. Suddenly, I knew that my long heedopinion of silence was forever changed.1 Which of thefollowing best describes the structure of the passage?A. A dialoguebetween two people in which both relate their reasons for travel in an almostequal amount of detailB. An account ofthe narrator’s perspective of meeting a life-changing new person for the firsttime.C. A charactersketch of two people as related by a narrator who knows both of them and theirthoughts.D. A detailednarration the narrator’s community service projects accompanied by adescription one of the people she helped.2 Based on thepassage, which of the following statements best describes the overall attitudeof the narrator towards the boy?A. The boy’squiet, composed behavior challenges the narrator and makes her initiallyuncomfortable.B. The boy’saggressive behavior frightens the narrator and makes her angry.C. The boy’sfriendly demeanor relaxes the narrator and makes her more thoughtful.D. The boy’sapathy provokes the narrator and makes her wistful, longing for the quiet daysof her youth.3 It canreasonably be inferred from the passage that the narrator had been raised withwhich of the following attitudes towards silence?A. It ispleasant and calming.B. It ispositive and reaffirming.C. It isdangerous and threatening.D. It is emptyand ominous4 According tothe narrator, silence is usually characterized by_____.A. forgivenessB. absenceC. injusticeD. innocence5 In relationto the first paragraph’s earlier description of silence, the narrator’scomments in lines 6-8 primarily serve to_____A. reveal howsilence heals a person.B. Explain howsilence can actually be a positive force.C. clarify whythe narrator distrusts silence.D. suggest thatsilence is quite overrated.6 Which of thefollowing statements about the people on the bus is best supported by thepassage?A. The bus isfilled with fascinating people, most of whom you see on every bus ride.B. People whoride the bus are always quiet.C. You mightnever see the same people on any given bus ride.D. People whotake the bus are dull and uninteresting.7 According tothe passage, the main reason the narrator decided to go to the YMCA was that_____A. heruniversity required community service credits.B. she liked toswim.C. she was lookingfor a new job working with children.D. she wasexploring her new town.8 Based on thenarrator’s account, the boy, Jaime, is best described as_____A. sleepy, yethostile.B. bored andantagonistic.C. outgoing andfriendly.D. aware, yetshy.9 As it is usedin line 15, the word parameters most nearly means_____A. requirements.B. variables.C. limitations.D. attributes.10 In thepassage, the narrator describes her cheery voice as sounding out of place mostlikely because_____A. the bus wassilent; most of the other passengers were asleep or lost in their own thoughts.B. the bus wasnoisy; most of the other passengers were loudly talking to their neighbors.C. the bus wasnoisy; most of the other passengers were arguing with their neighbors.D. the bus was silent;most of the ether passengers were watching a scene on the street.【答案与解析】1 B  文章大意题。作者在第二段结尾提到她曾经不理解silence的意义，直到他遇见了Jaime，并在下文仔细讲述了和Jaime相遇的情形，原文最后一段话，作者说“Suddenly, Iknew that my long heed opinion of silence was forever changed.”可以总结出本文是关于作者碰到一个人后改变了她一直以来的看法的故事，故B项为正确答案。2 A  推断题。Jaime先是盯着作者，在第五段中部作者写到“That’s whenthe strangeness of it all hit me, and I started to feel a little awkward.”说明Jaime一开始让她感到不舒服，并且作者几次尝试互动均未得到回应，非常尴尬，可以推断出Jaime沉着冷静的行为对作者发起了挑战、让她一开始感到不舒服，故A项为正确答案。3 D  推断题。原文第二段“I knew silence as alack of something”作者曾认为安静是缺失的表现，以及“Maybe I was even a little afraid of the emptiness it created--theaural darkness where forgiveness never happened”表明她惧怕安静带来的空虚感，就像黑暗，可以推断出作者认为安静是空虚和不详的，故D项为正确答案。4 B  细节题。原文第二段倒数第三句话“Within theparameters of my innocent world, I knew silence as a lack of something: a lackof noise, a lack of discussion, a lack of feeling, a lack of love.”提到作者认为安静是缺失的表现：缺少声音、探讨、感受和爱，absence（没有；缺乏）最符合作者看法，故B项为正确答案。5 C  作者意图题。原文第二段开头讲作者小时候不理解也不需要理解安静的价值，并讲述了她热闹的童年家庭生活，并坦言这样的生活使她认为安静是空虚的，从而引出下文Jaime改变了她对安静的看法，可以看出作者这样写的目的是解释她为何不信任安静，故C项为正确答案。6 C  细节题。原文第四段“Buses often have theirown unique demographic:”说公交车都有他们特殊的人口组成，即人们可能不能在其他公交车上再遇到一样的一群人，故C项为正确答案。7 A  细节题。原文第三段第三句话“My universityrequired a community service stint to graduate, and I wanted to get it out ofthe way.”作者写到她的大学让他们完成社区服务，本段最后一句话“So on a cool October day in the fall of my sophomore year, I made myway to the YMCA looking for easy credits.”写到她去YMCA是为了很简单地得到学分，即她这样做的原因是大学有学分要求，故A项为正确答案。8 D  推断题。原文第四段倒数第二句话提到“Unlike theothers, his eyes were alert.”，并且作者希望与Jaime互动均未果，直到后来Jaime才开口说话，可以看出他是警觉并且害羞的，故D项为正确答案。9 C  猜词题。原文第二段中部“Within theparameters of my innocent world...”以及结尾“I thought I knew ... I was very wrong.”可以看出作者认为自己当时是年轻单纯的，之后意识到了自己错误的想法，limitations（局限）最为符合逻辑，故C项为正确答案。10 A  细节题。原文第四段提到“On this bus, mosteveryone was either asleep or totally oblivious.”车上的人们都是睡着或者心不在焉的，因此作者的话在这样的环境中显得格外突出，故A项为正确答案。Passage BA cold windsoothed the faces of the sweaty men huddled on the muddy field. The team staredat the goat line and focus on game-ending, season-defining play in front ofthem. Dusty air fitted their lungs with each deep heave they mustered.For almost twohours the men had battled their opponents on the barren football field. Joe,the center, could see the coach describing the play to a younger player. He wasone of the grunts, a lineman, big and tall and eager to push open gaps for thebacks. The underclassman’s labored jog back to the huddle mirrored every man’sfatigue.The quarterbackconfirmed the play and articulated it to his team. Joe saw his mouth move butcould not hear the words; nonetheless, he knew his blocking assignment. Thehiss of the crowd muffled all sound on the field. Suddenly, Joe picked a voiceout of the din, and turned his attention to his good friend Mark. “This is itguys,” Mark was yelling. “We’ve been practicing for four months this season andfor three more years before that. It’s time we score and take home a win. Let’sget it done!” They all clasped hands to break the huddle and returned to theirindividual concentration.Time seemed todrag as the team marched back to the line of scrimmage. Joe glared at hisopponents, pleased by the heavy clouds of vapor billowing from their mouths.Exhaustion was written on their faces and in their twitchy movements on theline. He turned his head toward the place in which he wanted to force a gap,then to the defensive end who stood fast which his hands on his knees, gazefixed on the ground. Joe smiled inwardly: he knew his team had beaten the otherwith physical play and superior endurance. Time froze as he prepared to snapthe ball.Joe leaned overcarefully and clutched the moist leather ball. His teammates cautiously tooktheir places right and left, lining up as in countless practice drills, inperfect order. Like clockwork, too, was each man’s thorough examination of theopposing force, scanning back and forth for a gap or a weak player, feeling theopponents’ stares in return. Joe felt the quarterback crouch behind him. Thepasser’s booming voice still did not register with Joe, but instinct told himwhat he needed to know. Three staccato hikes later, he snapped 45 the ball withspeed and hurled himself towards the first defender.Joe felt thecrunch of pads and brought his forearm under the other man’s shoulder pads.Lifting with his arms and legs, he threw the lesser player onto his back. Themeager lineman lay stunned for a moment, which greatly amused Joe, assuming thetwo yards he had sent his man back was more than enough to free the rusher toenter the end zone. This lucid moment lasted but a split second before Joeagain lunged toward an upright opponent.Joe turnedabruptly at the sound of a whistle and strained to find the scoring rusher.Something was wrong. Joe’s teammates stood stunned, staring at the pile ofdefensive players who had fallen on their 60 running back. Referees beganpulling men off the heap. With only a few men left on the ground, Joe could seethe ball still in the backfield, and in the arms of an opponent. He heard hiscoach from the sideline: “Fumble? Are you kidding me? I can’t believe youguys!”His men hadturned over possession of the hall, and time ran out on the game. “We had thembeat, you know,” Mark hissed to Joe as they walked slowly off the field. “Theywere dead tired. We should have 70 won the game.” Their one chance was gone andnow they had to endure the other team’s celebration on the field. Joe’s teamnever liked losing, but having come so close to a victory that day meant theirlast-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.11 Joe wouldmost likely agree with which of the following statements about the relationshipbetween the players on his team?A. The playerstake the game very seriously and spend little time interacting with oneanother.B. Most of theplayers are excellent friends and maintain a lively atmosphere on the field.C. The playerswork very hard at a common goal and provide support for one another to achieveit.D. The playersreact poorly to their coach’s hostile yelling and find strength in their sharedobjection.12 Joe can mostaccurately be characterized as_____A. self-assuredand presumptuous.B. confident butdismayed.C. amiable butreserved.D. engrossed anddedicated.13 Which of thefollowing statements does NOT describe one of Joe’s reactions to the events ofthe final play of the game?A. He glancedaround, shocked.B. He lunged athis opponents in a blind rage.C. Hecommiserated with Mark.D. He trudgedoff the field with his teammates.14 The mainpoint of the first paragraph is that:A. football is agame whose players can get very dirty.B. the playershave all worked hard to arrive at a crucial point in the game.C. the longsports season can include some cold-weather days.D. cool grassfields are ideal surfaces for football games.15 The main pointof the last paragraph is that Joe feels_____A. sad as usualabout the loss.B. frustrated byhis teammates’ lackluster performance during the final play.C. guilty thathe and his teammates let down the coachD. dejected bythe loss of this important game.16 According tothe passage, when Joe observes the opposing defensive line, Joe feels_____A. Surprise attheir resilience so late in the game.B. quietlypleased by their signs of weakness.C. apprehensiveabout their alignment.D. pensive overthe strategy of the defense.17 Which of thefollowing statements most accurately expresses Mark’s feelings after the loss?A. Mark wasdisappointed by the loss, but saw the circumstances that led to it.B. Mark rejectedthe loss and held to the belief that they had won.C. Mark deniedthe loss at first, but was convinced by Joe that it was legitimate.D. Mark isangered by his team’s failure to defeat an inferior team.18 It canlogically be inferred from the passage that the reason the players join handsat the end of a huddle is because_____A. such a ritualdraws attention to the quarterback, who must announce the play.B. the team musthave the right number of players to execute the play.C. it reinforcesthe notion of team purpose and mutual reliance essential to game play.D. it alertsplayers who cannot hear the quarterback to the end of the huddle.19 A reasonableconclusion Joe draws about his first block is that the block_____A. wasparticularly effective, leaving ample room for the rusher to score.B. wasinsufficient to make a gap for the rusher, who ended up fumbling the football.C. was clearlyillegal, evident in the way Joe’s thrust sent the opponent onto his back.D. was notincluded in the original play.20 According tothe passage, the reason the final play of the game is crucial to the success ofthe entire season is that_____A. no game hadyet been so closely contested.B. pride is atstake during important goal line plays.C. the gamecomes late in the season after many weeks of preparation.D. the defendingteam appeared fatigued and easy to beat.【答案与解析】11 C  推断题。文章第五段写到，“His teammatescautiously took their places right and left, lining up as in countless practicedrills, in perfect order... Joe felt the quarterback crouch behind him.”可以看到Joe的队友们训练有素，共同为了比赛的胜利所努力，故C项为正确答案。12 B  推断题。原文第四段倒数第二句“Joe smiledinwardly: he knew his team had beaten the other with physical play and superiorendurance.”提到Joe认为他们在身体素质方面赢过了对手，可以看出他的自信，但由于队伍最终失去了比赛，由原文最后一句话“Joe’s team never liked losing, but having come so close to a victorythat day meant their last-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.”可以看出他非常的失望，故B项为正确答案。13 B  细节题。由倒数第二段前两句话可以看到Joe转身，很惊讶地发现球仍在后场，排除A项；由最后一段中部Joe与Mark的对话以及“Mark hissed to Joe as theywalked slowly off the field.”可以排除C、D项；由于文章并未提到B项，故B项为正确答案。14 B  段落主旨题。由第一段第二句“The team stared atthe goat line and focus on game-ending, season-defining play in front of them.”可以总结出团队非常地努力打到了比赛非常关键的地步，故B项为正确答案。15 D  段落主旨题。由最后一句话“Joe’s team neverliked losing, but having come so close to a victory that day meant theirlast-minute defeat would, be especially disappointing.”以及Joe和队友缓慢地走下场的动作可以推断出Joe对于比赛失利非常失望沮丧，故D项为正确答案。16 B  细节题。从原文第四段倒数第二句“Joe smiledinwardly: he knew his team had beaten the other with physical play and superiorendurance.”可以看出Joe认为他们在身体素质方面赢过了对手，所以对于他们的软弱内心欣喜，故B项为正确答案。17 D  推断题。由最后一段Joe与Mark的对话“We had them beat, you know,...Theywere dead tired. We should have 70 won the game.”可以看到Joe认为他们本该赢过体力透支的对手，故D项为正确答案。18 C  推断题。由第三段倒数第二句话“We’ve beenpracticing for four months this season and for three more years before that.It’s time we score and take home a win. Let’s get it done!”可以看到在Joe激励队员共同为了比赛胜利而努力，据此推断出这样的动作有利于加强团队精神和互相依赖，故C项为正确答案。19 A  细节题。由倒数第三段第三句“The meager linemanlay stunned for a moment, which greatly amused Joe, assuming the two yards hehad sent his man back was more than enough to free the rusher to enter the endzone.”可以看到Joe的进攻为队友创造了足够的进攻空间，即这次进攻是非常有效的，可以为队友创造充足的得分机会，故A项为正确答案。20 C  推断题。由于文章开头便说这场比赛是“season-defining”具有决定整个赛季的重要性，中部也透露出Joe的队伍为之付出了许多时间与努力，从最后一句话也可以看出这场比赛是他们最接近胜利的机会，因此可以推断出这场比赛重要的原因是它在赛季末尾出现，队员为此做了许多准备，故C项为正确答案。Section 2 Answeringquestions (20’)Directions: Read the following passagesand then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage,Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answerin the corresponding space in your answer sheetQuestions 1~3Once upon atime, in a land to the north, there lived a blacksmith who had, worked hard allhis life to provide for the needs of his family. Sodiligently had he labored and so carefully had he saved that his wife and hischildren never knew want, and he even managed to put by a small store ofwealth. But unlike his father, the son of this industrious man was such alazybones that in the whole wide world there was none to equal him. Although hewas healthy and strong he did not know how to do anything but eat, drink, andsleep in the shade, In all the twenty years of his life he had not earned asingle anna, and he never gave a thought to the fact that he was living on hisfather’s bread.Now the timecame when the blacksmith grew old and no longer had the strength to raise aspark from his anvil. Finally he took to his bed, and when he realized thatdeath was near, he called his son to his side.“l do not knowwhy you are so lazy,” the aged blacksmith lamented. “You cannot take after me,for I have been on friendly terms with work my whole life long. Little bylittle I acquired my household goods by toil and honest sweat. How can it bethat a son of mine cannot earn even one rupee?”“Well, to earnjust a rupee is not such a magnificent thing,” the youth replied.“My son,” saidthe father, “show me that you can earn one rupee and all that I own will beyours when I die. Yes, you must prove to me now that you can earn something bythe labor of your hands; otherwise, when I am gone you will not receive a rustyhorseshoe nail. That is my will.”Now theMacksmith’s son wanted very much to come into his inheritance, but he was solazy he hated to bestir himself to perform the small task his father required.Besides, he did not know how. What a cruel thing, to have to earn a whole rupeewhen he had never earned a single anna since the day he was born! But apaternal word is a stone mountain, and as a stone mountain is not removed, apaternal world word is not changed. His father had spoken.The dotingmother of this good-for-nothing youth could not bear to see him suffer. Whenshe found a convenient movement, she said to him: “Listen, little son, here isa rupee for you, Go and amuse yourself today, but when you come home in theevening, pretend you are returning from work and tell your father that you haveearned the money.”The youth was solazy he did not want to bother himself even this much, but he knew that somethinghad to be done. So he took his mother’s rupee, and with a bit of bread andcheese he went off into into the mountains. All day long he ate and drank andcounted the birds in the sky. Then at nightfall he returned home and gave hisfather the rupee, saying: “Here, Father, take it. It wasn’t easy for me to earnthis rupee. I cannot straighten my back, I worked so hard.”The father tookthe coin, looked at it from both sides, and tossed it from palm to palm. Thenhe threw it into the fire. “No,” he said, “you did not earn that rupee.” With ashrug of his shoulders the son replied: “well, you don’t have to believe me.”And he went off to bed.The next day theworried mother gave her son a second rupee, but this time she instructed him:“Sleep all day if you wish, little son, but before you come home in theevening, run one mile. You will perspire, you will be tired, and then yourfather will believe that you have been at work and that you did his bidding andearned the money by your labor.”The lazybonescared for his legs, but he cared still more to inherit his father’s fortune. Sohe took his mother’s rupee, and with food and drink he set out for themountains as before. From dawn to dusk he ate and drank and warmed himself inthe sun, but when it came time to go home he ran a mile, and then for goodmeasure he ran another. And when he arrived at the threshold he was so tired hecould hardly draw a breath. Perspiration poured from him in streams. He toppledonto a bench and held out the rupee. “It surely was hard for me to earn thisrupee!” he gasped. “I worked like an ox the livelong day. I am falling over myfeet with fatigue.” The father took the coin from his son, turned it over againand again in his hand, then threw it into the fire. “No,” he said, “you aredeceiving me, my son. This rupee was given to you. It was useless for you torun from the mountains.”What could thelazy youth say? “You don’t wish to believe me,” he shrugged, smiling. “To besure, it’s not true.” And forthwith he lay down by the fire and went to sleep.Thegood-for-nothing youth dreamed sweet dreams, but sleep did not come to his dearmother. She realized now that in deceiving her husband they only lost theirhard-earned money, and she also knew that all this brought no profit to herson.So the next dayshe instructed differently: “Come now, little son. If you want to inherit yourfather’s property, you must take yourself off and really go to work. If youonly earn one or two annas a day, in a week you can make a whole rupee.”It seemed therewas nothing else to do; the time had come to obey. The lazybones worked for awhole week. He carried something for one man; he helped with something foranother. One man gave him one anna; another gave him two. Bit by bit heaccumulated a whole rupee.Then he went tohis father and poured a handful of coins before him. Again the old man turnedover the money, weighed it in his hand, and held some places up to the light.Then he said: “No, my son. You have deceived me again. You did not earn this money.”And he seized all the coins and threw them into the fire like so much rubbish.But this timethe son was in a frenzy. He huffed himself into the fireplace, separated theburning coals with his bare hands, and snatched the money out of the very fireitself. “Why did you do that?” he cried. “I haven t straightened up my back fora whole week and you want to burn my money in the fire!”The fatherlooked at his son and said: “Now I believe that you earned this rupee yourself.Someone else’s money you do not care about--that is cheap. But the money youearn by your own labor--ah, that you make a big fuss over! So it is, my son.Remember my words: As long as you work, you will have money and contentment,and all things will be yours. But if you will not work, another person’s moneycannot help you, for someone else’s rupee is not worth one anna.” Then thefather willed all his property to his son and went to the land from which noman ever returns.21 Brieflystates the main idea of the passage.22 What is themost important lesson that the father wants to teach his son?25 How is themother important to the story?【答案与解析】21 One needs totry hard to earn money and contentment by his own effort without relying onothers.分析文章结构可以发现，文章开头讲述了年迈的老人告诉他一事无成的儿子需要挣一卢比才能继承财产，儿子由最开始的游手好闲，变为后来的身体力行，最终由老人点明只有工作才能获得属于自己的金钱与满足。可以总结出，本篇文章的主旨是一个人需要依靠个人的努力而非他人来获得财富与富足。22 Work canbring about money and contentment that cannot be provided by anyone else.根据文章最后一段父亲的话可以看出，父亲希望儿子知道，只有自己的钱才是自己的，如果他一直依赖比人，他永远也不会珍惜。中间部分“As long as you work, you will have money and contentment, and allthings will be yours.”以及结合父亲让儿子去工作赚钱的经历可以看出，父亲最想要儿子知道他必须努力工作才能创造属于自己的财富与满意。23 Motherspoiled her son at the beginning but then persuaded her son to work on his sonand therefore helped him to realize the importance of hard-work.从文章内容出发可以看到，母亲首先溺爱儿子，给他钱来骗父亲，随后为了儿子个人的发展以及为了他能顺利继承遗产，在原文第五段写到她劝说儿子去真正地努力赚钱“Come now, little son. If you want to inherit your father’s property,you must take yourself off and really go to work. If you only earn one or twoannas a day, in a week you can make a whole rupee.”，最终帮助他完成了转变，意识到了努力工作的重要性。Questions 4~5Those examplesof poetic justice that occur in medieval and Elizabethan literature, and that seemso satisfying, have encouraged a whole school of twentieth-century scholars to“find” further examples. In fact, these scholars have merely forced victimizedcharacter into a moral framework by which the injustices inflicted on them are,somehow or other, justified. Such scholars deny that the sufferers in a tragedyare innocent; they blame the victims themselves for their tragic fates. Anymisdoing is enough to subject a character to critical whips, Thus, there arelong essays about the misdemeanors of Webster’s Duchess of Mlafi, who definedher brothers, and he behavior of Shakespeare’s Desdemona, who disobeyed herfather.Yet it should beremembered that the Renaissance writer Matteo Bandello strongly protests theinjustice of the severe penalties issued to women for acts of disobedience thatmen could, and did, commit with virtual impunity. And Shakespeare, Chaucer andWebster often enlist their readers on the side of their tragic heroines bydescribing injustices so cruel that readers cannot but join in protest. Byportraying Griselda, in the Clerk’s Tale, as a meek, gentle victim who does notcriticize, much less rebel against the prosecutor, her husband Walter, Chaucerincites readers to espouse Griselda’s cause against Waiter’s oppression. Thus, effortsto supply historical and theological rationalization for Walter’s persecutionstend to turn Chaucer’s fable upside down, to deny its most obvious effect onreader’s sympathies. Similarly, to assert that Webster’s Duchess deservedtorture and death because she chose to marry the man she loved and to beartheir children is, in effect to join forces with her tyrannical brothers, andso to confound the operation of poetic justice, of which readers shouldapprove, with precisely those examples of social injustice that Webster doeseverything in his power to make readers condemn. Indeed. Webster has his heroinso heroically lead the resistance to tyranny that she may weft in spire membersof the audience to imaginatively join forces with her against the cruelty andhypocritical morality of her brothers.Thus Chaucer andWebster, in their different ways, attack injustice, argue on behalf of thevictims, and prosecute the persecutors. Their readers serve them as a court ofappeal that remains free to rule, as the evidence requires, and as commonhumanity requires, in favor of the innocent and injured parties. For, toparaphrase the noted eighteenth-century scholar, Samuel Johnson, despite allthe refinements of subtlety and the dogmatism of learning, it is by the commonsense and compassion of readers who are uncorrupted by the characters andsituations in medieval and Elizabethan literature, as in any other literature,can best be judged.24 What is theprimary purpose of this passage?25 Brieflystate the process by which some 20th century scholars reached their conclusionsabout the blameworthiness of victims in medieval and Elizabethan literaryworks.【答案与解析】24 The mainpurpose of this passage is to argue that some twentieth-century scholars havemisapplied the concept of “poetic justice” in analyzing certain medieval andElizabethan literary works.原文第一句话以引号形式出现的“find”就表达了作者对examples of poetic justice that occur in medieval and Elizabethanliterature作用的质疑。第一段第二句话“In fact, these scholars have merely forced victimized character intoa moral framework by which the injustices inflicted on them are, somehow orother, justified.”点明这些学者其实错误地使用了poetic justice，作者也在下文举例子印证了这一观点。25Establishment of a theory, application of the theory to ill-fittings data, anddrawing of unwarranted conclusion from the data.首先，Establishment of a theory，原文第一段说明这些20世纪的学者通过建立a moral framework来将不合理的事情合理化。其次，application of the theory to ill-fittings data，原文第二段列举了多个事例说明学者用例子来支持这些理论。最后，drawingof unwarranted conclusion from the data，通过数据得出结论。III.  Writing (30’)Drawing on yourown experiences and observations, use examples to show that you agree ordisagree with the following observation: “When life throws you lemons, make lemonade.”Write an essayof about 400 words on your view of the topic.【参考范文】Many people haveheard of the phrase, “When life throws you lemons, make lemonade’” which isused to encourage optimism and a positive can-do attitude in the face ofadversity in life. Lemons suggest sourness or difficulty in life, while lemonade,a sweet drink, suggests happiness. Just as Gump’s mother said in the movieForrest Gump: “Life is just like a box of chocolates, you never know what youare going to get.” we live in a society which is full of unpredictablechallenges and changes. But no matter what happens, all we need to do is toadapt to it and take advantage of its good aspects.I firmly believein this saying and actually many examples have proved the correctness of it. Gump,who was unfortunately born with a lower IQ and muscle problem, achieved manymiracles in his life. Sometimes, people think this kind of person can’t besuccessful. However, this “unlucky” man gained lots of incredible achievementsand led a very contented life. He has a mother who loves him immensely and a lovelychildhood girlfriend. Although he had no talent in war, he survived in Vietnam andwon a medal. He took advantage of playing ping-pong and became a football star.He can always use effective strategies to move forward in a positive way. WhileGod gives Gump a bad lemon, he just picks it up and makes it lemonade. When Ijust came to this university, I felt a wide gap between reality and imagination.My ideal college life is relaxing, free and comfortable, while the fact isthere was much rigorous discipline and military training waiting for me. I feltdepressed at the beginning. But by suffering and pushing myself to overcomethese problems, I had some new understanding towards life. Compared with otherstudents in local college, high-loaded schedule physical training in our dailylife make our body stronger and increase our capacity to do work more efficiently.Life is not always what we want it to be, however, we should find out what isbeneficial to us and turn misfortune into an opportunity for growth and self-breakthrough.When life throwsyou lemons, make lemonade! Never be depressed if life throws some obstacles inthe way, remember the phrase, and overcome obstacles or even utilize them in apositive way. Keeping the faith in mind, everyone of us can cope with life’schallenges effectively!【解析】此次考试作文的话题是关于习语“When life throws you lemons, make lemonade”写一篇400字以上的作文。范文开篇解释了该习语的引申意思及意义，并引用了电影中的名台词进行补充说明。第二段，作者首先表达了对于该习语的赞同，并先后引用《阿甘正传》中主人公看似生来不幸但获得了自己人生的幸福的事例，以及个人在大学时期的经历说明了这个习语的正确性。最后一段，作者明确了个人观点，即当我们遇到困难的时候，学会克服甚至利用它积极的一方面。