全国自考英语二历年真题精选

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全国自考《英语（二）（课程代码：00015）》题库【真题精选＋章节题库＋模拟试题】

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[案例分析题]Passage 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。
How to Reduce Your Weight? You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?” Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
How can obese (肥胖的) people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: they have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

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全国自考《英语（二）（课程代码：00015）》题库【真题精选＋章节题库＋模拟试题】

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1 What determines your weight according to Paragraph 1?

A．Your working manner.

B．Your eating habit.

C．Your life style.

D．Your genes.

答案

解析

【文章导读】本文通过研究讲述了如何控制体重。基因决定体重，并且每个人的体重变动会维持在一个适当的幅度里。
细节理解题。根据第一段“Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight…”可知，是基因而不是生活习惯决定着体重。D项符合文意，故选D。

2 What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

A．He let them skip supper.

B．He let them skip breakfast.

C．He let them run every morning and evening.

D．He let them live only on liquid food.

答案

解析

细节理解题。根据第二段“They were given liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.”可知，该研究医生只为8名实验对象每人每天提供600卡路里的流食。D项符合文意，故选D。

3 What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

A．They went mad.

B．They killed themselves.

C．They were back to the original weight.

D．They attempted suicide.

答案

解析

细节理解题。根据第二段“But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight.”可知，离开实验室之后，8名实验对象的体重又回升了。C项符合文意，故选C。

4 Ethan Sims made his subjects ______.

A．battle their genetic inheritance

B．eat as much as they could

C．suffer from hunger

D．lower their weight

答案

解析

细节理解题。根据第三段“Ethan Sims…they ate as much as they could.”可知，伊桑·西姆斯让这些志愿者尽可能地多吃。B项符合文意，故选B。

5 What did scientists think was true?

A．Each person has a suitable weight range.

B．Each person has a weight range of 9kg.

C．Each person wants to control his or her weight.

D．Each person wants to eat to his or her heart’s content.

答案

解析

细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range.”可知，科学家的发现证明了他们认为是正确的想法，即每个人的体重都有一个适当的浮动范围。A项符合文意，故选A。

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