北京外国语大学813英汉互译（同声传译）历年考研真题答案解析

【内容节选】 1999年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解I. 将下列短文译成英语（35分）今年6月克林顿访华带了一支庞大的新闻队伍，使美国的民众第一次有了一个比较客观地了解中国发展变化情况的机会，用新华社的话来说，克林顿访华的报道，才“使‘新中国’的形象首次深入到美国的千家万户。”至于美国的政治家和新闻媒体则对所接触到的中国情况大感“意外”。以上的例子说明，西方世界对中国的认识与中国的实际情况相差有多远。究其原因，主要是西方有些人习惯于用政治化，意识形态化的眼光看待人权问题，习惯把一种社会制度看成是人权的化身，而把其他社会制度和发展看作是侵犯人权的表现，因此，总是把共产党领导的中国想象成一个反人权的国家。这种思维方式，使他们无法正确认识中国人权的真实情况，看不到中国的积极变化和发展，甚至把中国促进人权的努力都误认为是侵犯人权的表现。和平，发展与人权是世界各国的共同要求，更是一个多世纪以来中国人民矢志不渝的奋斗口标，中国当前正在致力于建设富强民主文明的国家，这是一项使五分之一人类彻底摆脱贫闲，充分实现人权的跨世纪的伟大事业，也是世界和平发展和人权事业的重要组成部分。开放的中国需要吸收人类一切优秀文化成果和有益经验，也需要得到各国的最大理解和支持。【参考译文】This year,Clinton brought along a huge press team while visiting China in June, whichgave the American citizens the opportunity to learn the development and changein China from a relatively objective perspective for the first time. As theXinhua News Agency has said, it is the report about Clinton’s visit to Chinathat makes the image of “New China” better understood by thousands ofhouseholds in America. American politicians and news media feel shocked about whatthey have known about China. Those examples can show there is a big gap betweenthe understanding of the west world towards China and the real situations inChina. While searching for its reasons, it is mainly because that somewesterners are used to perceive the issue of human rights from a political andideological view. They are used to regard one social system as the embodimentof human rights while other social systems and developments as manifestationsof violating human rights. This mode of thinking makes it impossible for themto realize the real situation of human rights in China. Positive changes anddevelopments in China are never to be noticed. What’s more, all the efforts topromote human rights in China are misinterpreted as violations of human rights.Peace, development and human rights are the collective demands of all countriesacross the world, which is also the goal that Chinese nation have beenpersistently struggling for more than a century. China is currently committedto building itself to a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advancedcountry, which is a great trans-century cause to thoroughly lift one fifthhuman beings out of poverty and fully realize human rights. It is also animportant component of world peace and development as well as the cause of humanrights. China is open to the outside. It needs to not only absorb all outstandingcultural achievements of mankind and beneficial experiences but also receivethe maximum understanding and support from all countries.II. 将下列单句译成英语（15%） 1 国家对经济的管理，已经由指令性计划为主的直接控制，转变为主要运用经济和法律手段的间接调控。【答案】The government has transformed its management towards economy fromdirect manipulation that is dominated by directive plan to indirect regulationin which economical and legal means are mainly adopted.查看答案2 1995年的经济体制改革，是重点推进国企改革，并配套进行社会保障制度改革，进一步转变社会职能，培育市场体系。【答案】The focus of the reform of the economic system in 1995 is to promotethe reform of state-owned enterprises. At the same time, the reform of socialsecurity system is conducted accordingly to further transform the functions ofsociety and foster the market system.查看答案3 不顾本国的实际照搬其他国家的具体模式，或以自己的模式为尺度衡量和评判其他国家，都不是一种求实和相互尊重的态度，不利于国家之间的相互借鉴和共同发展。【答案】Neither to copy the specific patterns of other countries regardlessof its own situation nor evaluate others by regarding its own pattern as criteriais a reflection of realistic attitude or mutual respect, which is notbeneficial to mutual learning or common development between countries.查看答案III. 将下列短文译成汉语（35%）I like to thinkthat my own relationship with President Reagan and the efforts I made to try toestablish common ground between the United States and the Europeans helped toprevent disagreements over the pipeline and other trading issues from poisoningwestern co-operation at this critical juncture. Certainly, the summer of 1982saw some useful international diplomacy. Between 4 and 6 June the heads ofgovernment of the G7 countries met amid the splendid opulence of Versailles.PresidentMitterrand, who chaired the summit, had prepared a paper on the impact of newtechnology on employment. It quite often happened that the country in the chairat summit meetings felt that they must introduce some new initiatives even atthe cost of extra government intervention and increased bureaucracy. This wasno exception. For my part, I had no doubt about the attitude to take totechnological innovation: it must be welcomed not resisted. There might be ‘new’technology but technological progress itself was nothing new, and over theyears it had not destroyed jobs but created them. Our task was not to makegrand plans for technological innovation but rather to see how public opinioncould be influenced in order to embrace not recoil from it. Fortunately,therefore, President Mitterrand’s paper was kicked into touch in the form of aworking group.But my mostvivid recollection of the proceedings at Versailles is of the impression madeby President Reagan. At one point he spoke for twenty minutes or so withoutnotes, outlining his economic vision. His quiet but powerful words providedthose who did not yet know him with some insight into the qualities which madehim such a remarkable political leader. After he had finished. PresidentMitterrand acknowledged that no one would criticize President Reagan for beingtrue to his beliefs. Given President Mitterrand’s socialist policies, that wasalmost a compliment.【参考译文】我认为我同里根总统的深刻友谊，以及我为了建立美国与欧洲之间的共同利益所做的努力，在这一关键节点上避免了由于在管道和其他贸易事项上产生分歧，从而导致恶化与西方的合作。当然，1982年夏天出现了一些有效的国际外交，在6月4号至6号，七国集团领导人在辉煌富裕的凡尔赛进行了会晤。密特朗总统主持了此次峰会，并就新科技对就业的影响准备了一份文件，通常，国家领导人会在峰会上感受到他们必须要出台一些新的提议，哪怕这需要政府的介入或是使官僚主义增长，这次也不例外。就我而言，进行科技创新的态度是毫无疑问的，要欢迎科技创新而不是抵制它，技术进步可能没有新的进展，但是还是有新的科技。这么多年以来，新的科技并没有消除工作岗位而是创造了就业机会，我们的任务不是为技术创新制定宏大的计划，而是要知道如何去影响民意，让他们去拥抱科技而不是在新科技面前畏缩后退，因此，密特朗总统以工作群体的形式让大家得以交流是十分幸运的。但是，对于此次在凡尔赛所取得的进展中，最深刻的回忆是里根总统留给我的印象，在那一刻，他在没有笔记的情况下作了20分钟的发言，将他的经济愿景用大纲列举出来，他的话沉稳又强有力，使得那些不了解他的人知道了让他成为一名卓越政治领导者的素质，在他发言结束之后，密特朗总统承认道，没有人会因为里根总统忠于自己的信仰而批评他，考虑到密特朗总统主张社会主义政策，所以那句话完全就是对里根总统的赞扬。IV. 将下列单句译成汉语（15%）1 No serious student of history can doubt that the emergence ofChina as a world power presents a serious challenge to American foreign policy.【答案】没有学历史的同学会怀疑中国作为一大世界强国的出现给美国外交政策带来了重大的挑战。查看答案2 Officials in many signatory states had disputed the complicatedprovisions of the treaty; some national legislatures—notably the U.S.Senate—refused to ratify the treaty on the ground that it was too kind todeveloping countries by not requiring their compliance. Moreover, critics saidthat by not sufficiently emphasizing deadlines for implementation, the Kyototreaty let even the rich nations off the hook.【答案】很多签署州的官员对这一条约的复杂规定进行了争论，特别是像美国参议院这样的国家立法机构拒绝批准该条约，理由是不要求发展中国家的遵从对他们太过仁慈，另外，评论家说到由于没有充分地强调执行的截止日期，京都议定书使得很多富裕的国家也逃离责任。查看答案3 Success against inflation was the single achievement to which wedrew most attention as we approached the election, not least because Labourlooked set to promise huge increases in spending and borrowing which couldnever be honestly financed and which would have sent prices soaring again.【答案】随着大选将近，应付通货膨胀的成功吸引了我们最密切的关注，这是一项成就，至少是因为工党看起来承诺大幅度增加开支和借款，而这些增长是永远不会得到资金真正的支持，并且会导致价格再次飙升。查看答案