胡壮麟《语言学教程》第5版考研真题精选
1、The sound [p] can be described with “_____, bilabial, stop”.
【答案】voiceless
【解析】本题考查音系学的相关知识。[p]的语音特征可以被描述为清辅音，双唇音，塞音。
2、 A _____ typically contains a consonant or set of consonants followed by a vowel followed by another consonant or set of consonants.
【答案】syllable
【解析】音节是超音段研究中的一个重要单位。音节必须有一个“结核”或者“韵峰”，通常由元音来承担，但有时也可以由具有成音节特征的辅音来起结核的作用，通常在结核的前后还可以有辅音丛的出现。
3、The _____ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.
【答案】morpheme
【解析】本题考查词素的含义。词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。意思或语法功能的最小单位。
4、The type of stress which distinguishes words such as /'transpɒt/ from /tran'pɒt/ is known as _____ stress.
【答案】word
【解析】单词重音是指一个单词内部重读音节和非重读音节的语调模式。
5、A _____ refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet. In each of these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category.
【答案】constituent
【解析】成分，作为一个术语，指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位，它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。几个成分共同构成一个结构体。
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6、According to Saussure, _____ refers to the concrete utterances of a speaker.
【答案】parole
【解析】本题考查言语的概念。根据索绪尔的观点，言语指的是语言的实际应用，是具体的个人的动态的语言现象，不同于语言，语言是全民的、概括的、有限的、静态的系统知识。
7、Voicing refers to the _____ of the vocal folds.
【答案】vibration
【解析】本题考查辅音发音过程中的清浊特征的定义。若发音过程中，声带振动，则为浊辅音，反之则为清辅音。
8、_____ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.
【答案】Morphophonology
【解析】形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。
9、 By _____, we mean the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
【答案】duality
【解析】二重性是指两层结构的属性。底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。
10、 Edward Sapir (1884—1939), American linguist and anthropologist, studied linguistics and anthropology at Columbia University with the noted anthropologist and ethnologist Franz Boas. His idea on language thought was later developed by his student, B. L. Whorf, and known as the Sapir-Whorf _____.
【答案】Hypothesis
【解析】本题考查萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说。该假说是由萨丕尔和沃尔夫两人提出的关于语言和人的思维之间的关系。
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