四川大学考博英语历年真题详解

【内容节选】 2005年四川大学考博英语真题及详解Ⅰ.  ReadingComprehension (30%, 1 mark each)Directions: There are6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1We are allnaturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly,we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.You may havenoticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in asimilar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or admire. Soa sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by anadmiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; anemployee finds himself duplicating his boss’s habit of wagging a pen betweenhis fingers while thinking. In every case, the influential person may notconsciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence.And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds itpleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to him.Sensitive peoplehave been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winningaffection and respect in this way without being aware of their methods. Now,for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, somepsychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring.The cleversaleswoman echoes her lady customer’s movements, tilting her head in the sameway to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after thecustomer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that thesaleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs—a promisingrelationship for a sale to take place. The clever lawyer, trying in a law-courtto influence a judge, imitates the great man’s shrugging of his shoulders, thetone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech.Of course,physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blink every time your target blinks,or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockeryand you can expect trouble. So, if you can’t model sympathetically, don’t playthe game.1. According to the passage, “physicalmirroring” (Pare. 3) means ______.A. thecomfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to oursB. the imitationof the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admireC. theattraction to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our ownD. the fact thatpeople living or working closely together behave in a similar way2. Physical mirroring can cause trouble if______.A. the mirroringhas become mockeryB. the personmirrored finds that people are drawn to himC. the lawyershrugs his shoulders the way the judge doesD. it has beenfound to be deliberately used3. According to the author, which of thefollowing is not a deliberate use of physical mirroring?A. A saleswomantilts her head after her customer to judge a color match.B. A lawyeremulates the tone of the judge’s voice and the rhythm of his speech.C. A naughty boyblinks every time the teacher blinks.D. Sensitivepeople have been mirroring their friends all their lives.4. Which of the following is true?A. The lawyerwho imitates the judge is trying to influence him.B. The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer’s movementsbecause she is unconsciously attracted by her.C. Physicalmirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated.D. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends andacquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect in this way.5. The paragraph following this passagewill most probably move on to ______.A. theimportance of physical mirroring in daily lifeB. the troublescaused by the deliberate use of physical mirroringC. anexplanation of physical mirroring by a behavioral scientistD. some ways toprevent physical mirroring from offending【答案与解析】1.B  作者在第三段给出physical mirroring这一概念后紧接着在第四段就举了clever saleswoman和clever lawyer的例子对观点进行论述，从例子中可以看出选项B正确。2.A  根据最后一段if you blink ... your mirroring has become mockery and you canexpecttrouble，可知当模仿变成嘲笑时就会造成麻烦。所以答案为选项A。3.D  根据第二段sensitive people have …without being aware of their methods，可知他们进行的是一种无意识模仿，而不是deliberateuse。4.C  从第二段的he will feel comfortable in its presence, he finds it pleasing he isinfluencing people等处可以推断physical mirroring是会使那些被模仿的人感到高兴的。5.D  作者在最后一段指出Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle和so, if you can’t modelsympathetically, don’t play the game，按逻辑发展接下来可能会介绍防止physical mirroring引起不悦的方法。Passage 2The mostinteresting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling,in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square inSan Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960’s, but it was in the 1970’s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on theurban scene.One of the mostcomprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’seighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This sectionhad fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new cityhall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuseof these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson.He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices,and simply walking. Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes inits complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of amassive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interiortimber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts throughthe interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an objectlesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing inthe bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures whilesimultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through thebusiness district.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Thearchitectural phenomenon of the 1970’s.B. Thearchitectural style from 1824 to 1970’s.C. In the 1970’s, recycling old buildings became famous.D. During the 1970”s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use7. The apace at Quincy Market is now usedfor ______.A. Restaurants,offices and storesB. Sports andrecreational facilitiesC. Boston’s newcity hallD. A marveloussetting for commerce8. In which of the following ways does the passage state that theSan Antonio project differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis?A. It wasdesigned to combat urban decay.B. It occurredin the business district.C. It involvedthe environment as well as buildings.D. It consistedprimarily of new construction.9. What is the author’s opinion of the SanAntonio project?A. It is clearlythe best of the projects discussed.B. It is a goodproject that could be copied in other cities.C. the extensiveuse of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.D. The work doneon the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.10. Which of the following is true?A. The SanAntonio example shows the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings.B. Recentinterest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of some rivers.C. BenjaminThompson was the designer for a project in Boston.D. Stronggovernment support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.【答案与解析】6.D  本文主要就是列举各地重新利用那些旧的建筑物，选项D符合。7.A  第二段第三句提到a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, andsimply walking，选项A中restaurants, offices and stores分别与文中dining, professionaloffices和shopping相对应。8.C  第二段说到在combating urban decay方面San Antonio, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities主要是因为它翻新城市旧建筑的同时也注意对环境的治理（cleaningup the San Antonio River）。9.B  根据第二段倒数第三句San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous othercities（San Antonio对其他城市来说是一个很好的经验），所以选项B正确，“是一个很好的过程，可以为其他城市所借鉴”。10.C  第二段第二句中…under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson，可知Benjamin Thompson是其设计者，选项C与原文意思相符。Passage 3It is hard topredict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science itis impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they areby definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. Youeither have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to acceptthe surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat andpromptly useful bits.The only solidpiece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundlyignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the pasthundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. Itwould have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to betold by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance thatrepresents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science thehuman intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how thingsworked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Nowthat we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how hugethe questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we aredepresses. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; thehard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spotsand here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of thetunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making abeginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably noquestions we call think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, includingeven the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions wecan’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, butthat is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our waythrough to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.11. According to the author, really goodscience ______.A will bringabout surprising and disturbing resultsB. will produceresults which cannot be foreseenC. will helppeople to make the right choice in advanceD. wouldsurprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment12. It can be inferred from the passagethat scientists of the 18th century ______.A. thought thatthey knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB. did no morethan good in promoting man’s understanding of natureC. knew thatthey were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD. were afraidof facing up to the realities of scientific research13. Which of the following statements isnot true of scientists in earlier times?A. The paidlittle attention to the problems they didn’t understand.B. Theyinvented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.C. They falselyclaimed to know all about nature.D. They did notbelieve in results from scientific observation.14. What is the author’s attitude towardsscience?A. He isdelighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.B. He isdepressed because of the ignorance of scientists.C. He isconfident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D. He isdoubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.15. The author believes that ______.A. man can findsolutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB. man can notsolve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC. sooner orlater man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD. questions concerningconsciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案与解析】11.B  根据第一段第一句It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, if it isreally good science it is impossible to predict“很难预知科学的结果将会怎样，如果是good science，那么它将很难预知”，所以选项B与原文意思相符。12.A  第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century ... betold ... how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead可以看出18世纪的科学家自以为了解很多，所以听说现代人类觉得很无知迷茫会觉得惊奇。13.D  第二段说In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how thingsworked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps“在早期，我们会假装懂得事情怎样运作的，或忽略这些问题，或编造一些故事来填补空白”，所以只有选项D“他们不相信科学观察得结果”，在文中没有提到。14.C  从文中作者说的Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to allour answers, I feel totally confident …we are profoundly ignorant about nature等处可以看出作者持比较乐观的态度。15.A  最后一段，作者明确指出there are probably no questions we can think up that can’t beanswered“不会存在我们能想到但却无法解决的问题”，sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness“迟早，甚至是与意识有关的问题也能得到解决”。选项A“人们能找到他们所能想到的所有问题的解决方法”正确。Passage 4At its best, anyprison is so unnatural a form of segregation from normal life that—like too—lovingparents and too zealous religion and all other well—meant violations of individuality—ithelps to prevent the victims from resuming when they are let out, any naturalrole in human society. At its worst, the prison is almost scientificallydesigned to develop by force-ripening every one of the antisocial traits forwhich we suppose ourselves to put people into prison (I say “suppose”, becauseactually we put people into prison only because we don’t know what else to dowith them). The prison makes the man who is sexually abnormal, sexually amaniac. The prison makes the man who enjoyed beating fellow drunks in a bar-roomcome out wanting to kill a policeman.Probably wecannot tomorrow turn all the so-called criminals loose and close thejails—though, of course that is just what we are doing by letting them go atthe end of their sentences. No. Society cannot free the victims. Society hasunfitted liar freedom. Doubtless, since the Millennium is still centuriesahead, it is advisable to make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted aspossible, that the convicts may live out their living death more comfortably.Only keep yourphilosophy straight. Do not imagine that when you have by carelessness in noinoculating them, let your victims get smallpox, you are going to save them or exonerateyourselves by bathing their brows, however grateful the bathing may be.16. The author says that prison is like some parents, or like somekinds of religion, in that it ______.A. makes peopleincapable of living independentlyB. doesn’ttrain people for useful workC. is too kindfor people to live freelyD. is toostrict for people to live freely17. According to the passage, prison ______ in some way.A. makesprisoners violentB. makescriminal characteristics worseC. causessexual problems in most prisonersD. destroysprisoners’ spirits18. Why, according to the author, can’t we let all the prisonersfree?A. Becausesociety can not allow it.B. Because someof them have become maniac.C. Because someof them are too dangerous.D. Because someof them have been made antisocial.19. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the lastsentence but one?A. You can’treform prisoners by kind treatment.B. It is easyto catch diseases such as smallpox in prison.C. Societymakes criminals; it shouldn’t feel it’s done enough for them by creating good prisonconditions.D. In any kind ofpolitical or social conditions, it is natural that some people should turn outto be enemies of Society.20. Which of the following seems to you to give the best summary ofthe passage?A. It is true that prison makes some criminals worse, but Society cannotbe blamed for this—there is no other solution in an imperfect world.B. Putting people into prison makes some of them worse. We shouldmake prison conditions as good as possible, but this is by no means our onlyduty to criminals.C. Prison should be severe enough to act like a smallpoxinoculation, and so prevent the criminal from catching the “disease” again.D. The only real solution is to keep sexual and violent criminals inprison in as good conditions as possible to live out their “‘living death”.【答案与解析】16.D  第一段说any prison is ... segregation from normal life that—like too—lovingparents and too zealous religion，表明了监狱像父母和宗教的原因是segregation from normal life,选项D符合。17.B  从第一段The prison makes ... sexually abnormal, sexually a maniac, makes ...who enjoyed beating fellow drunks ... come out wanting to kill a policeman可以看出prison某些方面可能使犯人的性格更加恶化。18.A  根据第二段的叙述No Society cannot free the victims. Society has unfitted liarfreedom，可以看出不能释放所有罪犯是因为社会自身不允许这么做。19.C  本句起着承上启下的作用，从其前后两部分叙述内容来看，作者觉得是选项C的内容即社会造成的犯罪，不应该觉得它通过改善监狱条件就算是做的足够了。20.B  第一段介绍了把犯人放进监狱的好处——防止犯人出狱后重操旧业和坏处——会使犯人性格更加恶化，作者在第二、三段提出了自己的观点“make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted as possible”，选项B与原文内容相符。Passage 5A new look at anasteroid orbiting the sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth withtremendous force. But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away,time enough for tie speeding space rock to alter its course.Named 1950DA,the asteroid —1 kilometer wide—is the most threatening to the Earth of all ofthe know large asteroids, but the odds are only about one in 300 that it would impactthe planet, researchers said. “One in 300 is pretty long odds,” said Jon D.Giorgini, a scientist in California. “I’m not personally going to worry aboutit. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change.”There areapproximately 1 000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earthin their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted.Of these, only 1950DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue aneffort to identify all the other large ast eroids that pass near the Earth, andit is their great hope that they don’t find any that are greater threats. If1950DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planet-wide effects,setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidalwaves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to havesnuffed out the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago.Asteroid 1950DAwas first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again fordecades. It was rediscovered in the year 2000 and in March 2001 whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth,giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. Fromthat, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950DA would take on its next15 near passes of the Earth—over a period covering nearly nine centuries. Forthe 15th near pass, on March 16, 2880, the analysis showed it wasmathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth.He said thehighest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290,000kilometers—a distance closer than the 370,000-kilometer orbit of the Moonaround the Earth.21. Talking about asteroids, the author tells us that ______.A. nothing canalter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sunB. only aboutone in 300 asteroids near the sun would hit the EarthC. scientisthave managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sunD. there is noimmediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid22. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. largerasteroids are more likely to smash into the EarthB. an asteroidwill probably just miss the Earth in 2880C. asteroids willeventually bring great destruction to the EarthD. no asteroidwas noted in astronomy logs before 195023. Judging from the context, the word “whizzed” most probably means______.A. kept turningaround quicklyB. went intoand out of its orbit quicklyC. moved veryfastD. exploded allthe while24. According to the passage, which of the Following statements istrue?A. Scientistshave managed to know more things about asteroid 1950DA.B. Many peopleseem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.C. Scientistsare still quite optimistic about man’s future.D. The Earth isfaced with frequent threats from space.25. The best title for the passage is ______.A. PossibleAsteroid Smash in tire FutureB. NewDiscoveries about 1950DAC. Asteroids inthe Solar SystemD. FutureThreat—An Asteroid Smashes into the Earth【答案与解析】21.D  从第一段But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enoughfor tie speeding space rock to alter its course可判断短时间内小行星对地球不会有威胁。22.B  最后一段第一句话讲到He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 willmiss the Earth“他说极有可能在2880年theasteroid will miss the Earth”，所以选项B与原文意思相符。23.C  原句意思是“在距离地球7700万英里的地方疾驰而过”。whiz飕飕地飞驰。24.A  第四段说2001年1950DA划过地球giving astronomers anopportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomersprojected ...可以得出人们对1950DA已经有很多了解。25.A  本文讲述了人们担心行星会撞击地球，尤其是1950DA，科学家研究了其撞击可能性及年份（2088），选项A概括比较全面，符合文意。Passage 6Participantobservation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and ahumanistic discipline. Through the stress on participation and getting the insider’sview, anthropologists of necessity become personally involved with theirsubjects. They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and throughtheir attempts to understand and describe people’s behavior they help giveoutsiders a rich appreciation for other people and other ways. Nevertheless,with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirementsof a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity andaccuracy. They often actually count, for example, the number of times specificbehavior patterns occur and under what circumstances; they use this data forempirical studies that integrate their observations into general laws of humanbehavior.Understandinganthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant butuseful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array ofcategories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of aparticular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories(and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists toexplain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider’s, theparticipant’s, view, and the etic is the outsider’s the scientific observer’s,view. Pierre’s emic view of his death, for example, is that he died from thepower of the sorcerer, the anthropologist’s “etic view” is that he died fromphysiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Bothviews are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires thatthey be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive fromdifferent methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead todifferent types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understandingof a culture. Anthropology’s uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompassesthem both.26. In this passage the author mainly attempts to ______.A. explain whatanthropology is concerned withB. compare twodifferent schools of anthropologyC. show peoplehow anthropologists do their studiesD. distinguishanthropology from other disciplines27. Which of the following has been mentioned by the author asessential for a correct understanding of a culture?A. Directcontact with the culture under investigation.B. Knowledge oflinguistics.C. A keeninterest in scientific disciplines.D. Firm beliefin humanitarianism.28. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Anthropologists of necessity know how to behave in a foreign culture.B. Anthropologistsdescribe patterns of human behavior.C. Anthropologistsall study the behavioral patterns of foreign nations.D.Anthropologists prescribe rules of human behavior.29. By “the bearers of a particular culture”, the author memos______.A. people whocan tolerate things that are foreignB. people whoshare the features characteristic of a cultural groupC. people whoare heavily burdened by their cultural heritageD. people whoare able to withstand the impact of a culture shock when in a foreign country30. The Pierre mentioned in the passage must be ______.A. a quiteignorant personB. a lunaticC. ananthropologistD. aphysiologist【答案与解析】26.D  本文向人们介绍人类学如何进行研究，第一段指出了方法stress on participation and getting the insider’s view；show a humanistic concern forthe people they study表明它与其他学科的不同。27.A  最后一段说together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture，这里指的是不同的proper circumstances，可以推断，要想真正了解一种文化，必须要接触它，了解其背景。28.B  从第一段through their attempts to … describe people’s behavior they help …appreciationfor other people and other ways可以看出选项B正确。29.C  the bearers of a particularculture指的是某一特定文化的承受者。30.A  从文中叙述的他认为he died from the power of the sorcerer“死于巫术”，可以看出他是个很愚昧的人。Ⅱ.  Vocabulary(10%, 0.5 mark each)Directions: There are20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.31. As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive A B, but AB mayreceive A or B. Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often calledthe ______ donor.A. commonB. universalC. generalD. popular【答案】B查看答案【解析】universal donor万能献血者。universal普遍的，一般的。common常见的，平常的。general普通的，一般的。popular流行的，受欢迎的。32. His total worldly possessions ______ little more than theclothes he stood up in.A. amounted toB. turned upC. settled forD. came at【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他的所有财产也就是身上穿的那些衣服。amount to数量上达到，意义上等于。turn up到达，来到。settle for勉强接受，同意。come at扑向，冲向。33. This course focuses on the ______ of economic analysis to theproblems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprisebehavior.A. introductionB. combinationC. applicationD. conception【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这门课程集中讲的是经济分析在通货膨胀、失业、企业行为和还贷平衡等方面的应用。application应用，运用。introduction介绍，入门，导论。combination结合，合并。conception观念，概念。34. If more short journeys were made by bicycles, energy could besaved and pollution ______.A. declinedB. reducedC. droppedD. decreased【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：如果人们短途行程能更多地使用自行车，那就会节省很多能量，污染也会减轻。decline衰退，下降。reduce减少，降低（程度）。drop下降，降低。decrease减少，减弱，减轻。35. The exhibition ______ such endangered animals as the giant pandaand the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.A. demonstratesB. exploitsC. featuresD. detects【答案】A查看答案【解析】demonstrate示范，演示。exploit剥削，利用，开发。feature由……主演，为……做广告。detect察觉，探测。36. There is no ______ between the sample and the final product hereceived.A. constraintB. consequenceC. conquestD. consistency【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他所收到的样品与最终产品不一致。consistency一致性。constraint约束，强制。consequence结果，推论。conquest征服。37. It was ______ by the railway board that the cost of rail fareswould he increased by ten percent.A. noticedB. statedC. proposedD. informed【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：铁路局发出通告说铁路费用将会增长10%。inform通知，告知。notice注意到。state说明，阐明。propose提议，建议（一般用虚拟语气）。38. The camps are not usually tent-type camps. They are mostly long-established______ structures, often with strange Indian names.A. permanentB. monotonousC. rawD. historical【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：这些营地通常都不是帐篷搭的临时营地，它们大部分都是建立很久了的永久性建筑，有着一些奇怪的印第安名称。permanent永久的。monotonous单调的，无变化的。raw原始的，未开化的。historical历史的，历史学的。39. Blair tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that givesso much ______ to those who compete well.A. superiorityB. regimeC. prestigeD. legislation【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在这个给了那些很有竞争力的人很多优势的社会里，布莱尔逐渐有种无能为力和多余感。superiority优势，优越感。regime政权，政体。prestige声望，威望。legislation法规，法律。40. The original elections were declared ______ by the formermilitary ruler.A. surplusB. vulgarC. voidD. extravagant【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：前任军队统治者宣布最初的选举无效。void无用的，无效的。surplus过剩的，剩余的。vulgar粗俗的，低级的。extravagant浪费的，过分的。41. It’s a result more of ______ than anything else to win the topprize in a lottery.A. effortB. opportunityC. blessingD. chance【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在彩票中获得头奖完全是种运气。effort努力，成就。opportunity机会，时机。blessing祝福。chance运气，偶然性。42. One of the ______ of the training program is that it enables theyoung people to be better candidates for employment.A. viewpointsB. virtuesC. adventuresD. measures【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：这项培训项目的好处之一是它使得年轻人成为更合格的雇员。viewpoint观点。virtue好处，优点。adventure冒险，冒险的经历。measure测量，措施。43. All representatives insisted that the problems requiringimmediate solution be given ______.A. urgencyB. emergencyC. superiorityD. priority【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：所有的代表坚持认为应该优先考虑那些需要立即解决的问题。urgency紧急的事。emergency紧急情况，突发事件。superiority优越，优势。priority优先，优先权。44. If everybody takes an active part and says what he thinks, thediscussion will surely be ______.A. fruitfulB. constructiveC. profoundD. lengthy【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：如果每个人都积极参与，说他所想的内容，那这个讨论将会颇有成效。fruitful成功的，富有成效的。constructive建设性的。profound深刻的，意义深远的。lengthy冗长的，过分的。45. The weather wasn’t favorable and both teams had to ______ icyrain and a strong wind during the match.A. get stuck inB. contend withC. take controlofD. pin down【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：天气不太好，比赛中两个团队都要和冷雨强风做斗争。getstuck in疯狂地做…。contendwith竞争，斗争。takecontrol of掌握，控制。pindown约束，压制。46. A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened whenthey watched the ______ sight on TV.A. patheticB. frightenedC. terribleD. threatened【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：发生了一场可怕的交通事故，人们在电视上看见这悲惨的情景时都很伤心。pathetic悲惨的，悲哀的。frightened受惊的，受恐吓的。terrible可怕的，恐怖的。threatened 受恐吓的，受威胁的。47. Being a tough guy, he has perfect control of his own ______.A. temperB. affectionC. sentimentD. passion【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他是个坚强的人，能很好地控制自己的情感。temper脾气，性情。affection挚爱，钟爱。sentiment情感，感情。passion激情，热情。48. The wildlife biologist told my father the sanohill cranes ______through Warner were rare and vanishing creature.A. movingB. enteringC. migratingD. emigrating【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：野生动物学家告诉父亲说穿过Warner的迁徙的sanohill鹤是濒危的稀有物种。migrate鸟类的定期迁徙，移居。49. The doctor ______ Billy’s operation with x-rays and specialexercises to make him stronger.A. took onB. followed upC. started upD. went after【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：在X光手术之后医生又给比利安排了些专门的训练以使他更加健康。followup在……之后再采取进一步行动。takeon呈现，接纳，雇佣。go after追求，追逐。50. The joys of travel, having long ______ the disabled, are openingup to virtually anyone who has the means.A. neglectedB. missedC. discardedD. omitted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：以前残疾人不能享受到旅行之乐，但现在几乎所有人都可以体验旅行之乐趣了。neglect忽略，忽视。miss错过，避免。discard丢弃，抛弃。omit遗漏，忽视。Ⅲ.  Cloze Test(10%, 0.5 mark each)Directions: In thispart, you are required to read the following passage carefully. For each of the20 blanks there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose theONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Throughouthistory man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but peoplenow live longer than they (51)_____ Yet, all living things still show the (52)_____of aging, which will eventually (53)_____ death.Aging is not adisease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the (54)_____they form do not function (55)_____ they did in childhood and adolescence. The bodyprovides less (56)_____ against disease and is more (57)_____ accident.A number ofrelated causes may (58)_____ aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly longlife, but they are not (59)_____ when they die. As a person ages, (60)_____ ofbrain cells and muscle cells decreases. (61)_____ body cells die and arereplaced by new cells. In an aging person the (62)_____ cells may not be asviable or as (63)_____ growth as those of a young person.Another (64)_____in aging may be changes within the cells (65)_____ Some of the proteinchemicals in cells are known (66)_____ with age and become less elastic. Thisis why the skin of old people (67)_____ and hangs loose. This is also the reasonold people (68)_____ in height. There may be other more important chemicalchanges in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, storeand (69)_____ information that the cells need. Aging may affect this (70)_____ andchange the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit theinformation as well.51. A. use toB. be used toC. used toD. had52. A. signB. effectC. factD. symbol53. A. stem fromB. yield inC. originatefromD. result in54. A. brainsB. brainC. heartD. organs55. A. as the past asB. as the sameasC. as well asD. so long as56. A. resistanceB. protectionC. energyD. alertness57. A. inclined toB. tended forC. bent againstD. apt at58. A. concern withB. contributetoC. reduce toD. bring out59. A. replacedB. rebornC. recoveredD. recuperated60. A. a numberB. an amountC. the numberD. most61. A. Some oldB. OldC. The otherD. Other62. A. oldB. remainingC. newD. replaced63. A. competent toB. qualified toC. capable ofD. helpful in64. A. factorB. causeC. reasonD. clement65. A. for themselvesB. inthemselvesC. themselvesD. of their own66. A. to reduceB. to decreaseC. to changeD. to decline67. A. wrinklesB. rumplesC. crinklesD. shrinks68. A. shortenB. shrinkC. fattenD. decrease69. A. transfer outB. give offC. send offD. pass on70. A. modeB. procedureC. orderD. process【答案与解析】51.C  句意：人们现在比以前活得要久。be used to习惯于。used to过去，常常。52.A  sign迹象，征兆。effect结果，效果。fact事实，实情。symbol象征，符号，标记。53.D  result in引起，导致。stem from来源于，源自。originate from发源于。54.D  the organs they form它们所组成的器官。55.C  句意：不如童年时代和青年时代运行得好。56.A  resistance抵抗力。protection保护，抵御。alertness警戒，机敏。57.A  be inclined to倾向于，易于。tended for搭配不当。apt at聪明的，敏捷的。58.B  concern with担心，关心。contribute to起促进作用。reduce to使陷于不利状况。bring out发挥，显示出。59.B  句意：细胞死亡后不能再生。reborn再生。replace替代，取代。recover复原。recuperate复原，恢复。60.C  句意：随着年龄的增长，脑细胞和肌肉细胞的数量在减少。61.D  句意：其它身体细胞死亡后被新细胞取代。62.C  前面提到了与新细胞代替，紧接着讲新细胞在aging people身上的运行状况。63.C  capable of有力量的，有能力的。competent to胜任的，称职的。qualified to具有……资格。64.B  上一段讲到a number of related causes，本处接着讲另一种诱因。65.C  细胞自身的变化。66.B  decrease数量上减少。reduce降低，缩小。decline衰退，衰弱。67.A  wrinkle（皮肤）起皱纹，皱起来。rumple把……弄乱，把……弄皱。crinkle使布或纸起皱。shrink收缩，缩短。68.B  句意：这也是老年人身高减缩的原因。69.D  transfer out搭配不当。give off散发气味，液体等。send off寄，送信息等。pass on传给，传递。70.D  句意：衰老可能会影响这一过程。process过程，进程。procedure程序。Ⅳ.  Translation(30%)Part A (15%)Direction: Read thefollowing passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Please writeyour translation on the Answer Sheet.71. One ofnature’s most destructive forces is the tornado, a violent windstorm that takesthe shape of a rotating column of air. Tornadoes almost always occur inconjunction with severe thunderstorms that produce high winds, heavy rainfalland damaging hail. Though their cause is unknown, tornadoes are believed to bethe result of the convergence of strong upward wind currents inside a stormwith upper level winds above the storm; the greater the air contrast, the moreviolent the storm will be. The United States has more tornadoes, approximately750 tornadoes reported each year, than any other country in the world becausethis is where arctic and tropical air masses most frequently converge.Thisunpredictability makes accurate tornado forecasts difficult. Though it is possibleto determine when a tornado is apt to occur, actual tornado warnings are issuedonly when a tornado has been sighted or reported on radar. Radar can be used toguess the storm’s likely path, its speed and the intensity of the storm. Butconventional radar has limitations. An advanced form of radar, known asDoppler, has the ability to detect the first steps in the formation of atornado. Unlike conventional radar, Doppler tracks a thunderstorm’s rotating windsystem which usually precedes the development of a tornado. As a result,Doppler has provided forecasters with the ability to issue tornado warnings asmuch as 20 minutes prior to a storm’s touchdown, compared to a warning of lessthan 2 minutes by visual sighting. Though tornadoes remain one of nature’s mostviolent forces, the use of radar and advanced warning systems has substantiallynarrowed their paths of destruction.【参考译文】自然界最具破坏性的力量之一是龙卷风，它是一种旋转的柱状强烈风暴。龙卷风几乎总是与强烈的雷暴并列发生，雷暴能引发大风，暴雨和破坏性的冰雹。虽然它们的起因尚未知晓，但人们认为龙卷风是由暴风雨中上升的强气流与暴风上方的风的会聚造成；气流对比越明显，龙卷风的威力也就越大。美国比世界上其他任何地方的龙卷风都要多，每年大约有750起龙卷风事件报道，这是因为北极气流和热带气流最频繁地在美国汇聚。这种不可预知性使得人们很难精确预报龙卷风。虽然人们可能预报是否会有龙卷风发生，但真正的龙卷风警报只有在被雷达探测到以后才能发出。雷达可以被用来探测龙卷风的大致路径，速度和风暴的强度。但传统雷达有一些局限性。多普勒—雷达的一种高新形式有探测龙卷风初步形成的能力。与传统雷达不同的是，多普勒能追寻到一个雷暴旋风系统，这个系统通常发生在龙卷风之前。因此，多普勒能够提供一些预报，而且能够在龙卷风着陆20分钟之前发出警报，它在得到可视图像后两分钟内就可以发出警报。虽然龙卷风仍然是自然界最强烈的力量之一，雷达和先进预警机制的使用已经大大减小了它的破坏性。Part B (15%, 3 mark each)Direction: Translate the following 5 sentences into English Please write yourtranslation on the Answer Sheet.72. 不只全市的国民产生总值增长了7.8%，信息产业也实现了跨越式的发展。【答案】Not only the GNP of the province increased by 7.8%, the IT industrymade great progress as well.查看答案73. 科学家们要市政府充分注意城市人居环境改进的建议得到了很好的实施。【答案】The scientists’ proposal that the government pay enough attention tothe improvement of people’s residence environment was well carried out.查看答案74. 那个农民的儿子宁愿打工读完四年大学，也不愿依靠社会救助或向银行贷款。【答案】The son of that peasant would rather complete his four— yearscollege study by taking part time job than resort to social help or governmentloans.查看答案75. 许多有胆识的外国投资者决心在中国西部同当地企业一起建立合资企业。【答案】Many aggressive foreign investors are determined to set up somejoint ventures in the west regions with local industries.查看答案76. 很多移居城市的人虽然在报酬低、没有什么保障的非正式行业工作，但调查表明，迁移到城市确实改善了他们的生活境况，而且，他们为城市的经济发展起到了重要作用。【答案】Many urban residents work in some low-paid informal industrieswithout any guarantee, but according to the survey, the moving to the city hasindeed improved their living conditions, what’s more, they played an importantrole in the development of the urban economy.查看答案Ⅴ.  Writing (20%)Directions: Write acomposition on the title “To Slop the Golden-Week Holiday?” based on thefollowing outline. Your composition should be in no less than 150 English words.Topic:To Stop the Golden-Week Holiday?Outline:l. 假日黄金周带来许多好处2. 假日黄金周也引起若干烦恼3. 我（不）赞成叫停假日黄金周，我建议……【参考范文】To Stop the Golden-Week Holiday?Decades ago, thegovernment enacted a new law that all the company should give the employeesseveral days’ vacation on May day, and the National Day. The seven-days holidayhas brought much benefit.During thevacation, people want to release themselves after months of heavy work by travelingwhich will greatly promote local economy, as well as the whole nation’s economygrowth. Because the traveling will stimulate the growth of transportation, theaccommodation, the specialty, etc. Considering the great benefits the holidaybrings, people give it a lovely name “the Golden Week Holiday”.However, theGolden Week Holiday also brings severe problems. So many people’s travelingduring the holiday poses more pressure on transportation and accommodation.Also, too many people crowd together can cause the disorder of a place. Thiswill heavy the burden of police to keep the order of the interest of places.Because of theproblems it causes, some people suggest that Golden Week Holiday should becanceled, but I can’t agree with them. Because the benefits overweigh theproblems. And for the problems, we can take measures to solve them. For example,we can add more trains or lines for places people like to go the best;different companies can give the holiday days later than each other thus avoidthe same departing time.The Golden WeekHoliday, in general is a good thing: it can bring people much benefit, and itsbenefit is far more than its downside effect, so I think the Golden WeekHoliday shouldn’t be stopped.