第1章 五个学生和五种方法
本章要点
1 Why do people learn foreign languages? 人们为什么学外语？
2 Individual learning differences 个体学习差异
3 Language teaching: a variety of methods 多种教学方法
常考考点
学习动机；教学方法。
Ⅰ. Reasons for learning（学习的原因）
1 Further study purpose（以进修为目的）
Some learners learn English for going abroad or for professional development.
一些学习者学外语是为了出国或者找到好工作。
2 Communication（交流目的）
Learning the customs and culture of the target language helps to better communicate with the target population.
通过学习目标语言的风俗文化能更好地与目标人群交流。
Keith Johnson《外语学习与教学导论》笔记和考研真题详解 Ⅱ. Individual learning differences（个体学习差异）
1 Attitude
Learners need to adopt appropriate attitudes towards native speakers of the language they are learning.
学习者需要对所学语言的母语使用者态度适当。
2 Parental support
Parents’ support for their children is very important. If parents want their children to learn a foreign language well, their support will be of great help to their children in the process of learning a foreign language.
父母的支持对孩子是非常重要的。如果父母想要孩子学好一门外语，父母的支持对于孩子学习外国的过程是有很大帮助的。
3 Talent
Some people are born with a talent for learning foreign languages.
有些人生来就有学外语的天分。
Ⅲ. Methods you have experienced（一些已知的教学方法）
1 Immersion（沉浸式教学法）
This method is based on the view that the process of learning a foreign language and mastering the mother tongue in childhood are essentially the same.
这个方法是基于“学习一门外语和儿童学习母语本质是相通的”这一观点。
2 Grammar-translation (GT)（语法-翻译教学法）
Some teachers spend 20 minutes writing emphasis on grammar on the blackboard and use a lot of grammatical terms. Then let the students do some bilingual translation training.
一些老师花费20分钟将语法重点写在黑板上，并使用大量的语法术语，然后让学生做一些双语翻译训练。
3 Total physical response (TPR)（肢体反应教学法）
The teacher first does a few demonstration moves, and then selects a few students to imitate. The teacher will not speak during the demonstration. After a while, the teacher asks the students to describe in the target language, and let other students imitate it.
老师首先做几个示范动作，然后选几个同学模仿。老师在做示范动作期间不说话。过一会之后要求同学用目标语描述，让其他同学接着模仿。
……
【完整版】 达聪网 Keith Johnson《外语学习与教学导论》笔记和考研真题详解
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